Pillar 11

From the Queue to the Commons

Healthcare is a constitutional right in Greece. The fakelaki says otherwise. 28.8 per cent of spending still passes from patient to doctor under the table. AURIO will rebuild the clinical commons from the village practice up.

Inspired by Ivan Illich, Julian Tudor Hart, Michael Marmot, Atul Gawande, Paul Farmer, Franco Basaglia, Barbara Starfield & Alex Kentikelenis

Press Q T C P M W E to jump to a section. B to go back.

Keyboard shortcuts on this page: Q jumps to The Problem, T to The Thinking, C to The Proof, P to The Proposals, M to Where the Money Comes From, W to What Changes for You, E to Go Deeper, and B returns to the Programme index.

The Problem

Registration is not a relationship. 1.6 million Greeks have a doctor who cannot see them.

€1.486bn Greek RRP Health envelope already allocated
28.8% Of Greek health spending paid out of pocket
1.6M Greeks registered to a doctor with no clinical place
The Thinking

Who argued this, and why it holds.

Ivan Illich, Julian Tudor Hart, Michael Marmot, Atul Gawande, Paul Farmer, Franco Basaglia, Barbara Starfield & Alex Kentikelenis

Healthcare as a commons. Every citizen a co producer. Every doctor continuing with their registered cohort.

Ivan Illich, in Medical Nemesis (1975), opened with the line that the medical establishment has become a major threat to health. He named three registers of iatrogenesis: clinical harm from the treatment itself, social harm from the medicalisation of ordinary life, and cultural harm from the expropriation of the skills and traditions by which communities cared for themselves. His point was not that medicine is useless. It is that the medical system, unbounded, consumes the non medical resources of health: family, neighbourhood, meaning, work. The commons of health is prior to the hospital. The hospital must not colonise the commons.

Julian Tudor Hart was a Welsh general practitioner who spent 26 years from 1961 to 1987 in the mining village of Glyncorrwg in south Wales. His 1971 paper in the Lancet, The Inverse Care Law, proved that the availability of good medical care varies inversely with the need for it. His Glyncorrwg practice inverted the law in a single village: every adult on a systematic registry, blood pressure measured, cardiovascular risk tracked, each patient followed longitudinally as part of a known cohort. The measurable cardiovascular mortality reduction at village scale was the empirical proof that the inverse care law is a policy choice, not a natural phenomenon. The patient is a co producer of their own health. The doctor is continuing with a registered cohort, not dispensing episodic consultations.

Paul Farmer co founded Partners in Health in 1987 in Cange, Haiti. His 2003 book Pathologies of Power framed global health inequality as structural violence: disease and treatment distributed by political economy, not by chance. His accompaniment model holds that a community health worker, drawn from the patient's village, is the operational difference between a failed treatment protocol and a successful one. Partners in Health scaled the model from one Haitian clinic in the 1980s to a district level system in Butaro, Rwanda, with the first rural cancer centre in sub Saharan Africa, serving 340,000 people.

Three thinkers, three propositions. Illich tells us what is wrong. Hart tells us what a doctor in a village can do about it. Farmer tells us what a district health system built on that logic looks like. AURIO Pillar 11 is the Greek version of that architecture. The first deployment would be the National Primary Care Pilot across five site types: rural mainland, mountain, island, island reference and urban under served Greece.

The medical establishment has become a major threat to health.

Ivan Illich
The Proof

This is not theory. It runs somewhere today.

5.19M Greeks registered to a Personal Doctor under Law 4931/2022
vs
3.56M Clinical places available in the system

1.6 million Greeks are registered to a doctor who has no clinical place to see them. That is the size of the gap between the constitutional right in Article 21 and a real clinical relationship.

The Proposals

What we will do. Concretely.

Primary Care Commons The Hart ethic, the Farmer cadre

National Primary Care Pilot, Five Site Types

The primary care reform does not start in a single place. The first wave deploys five pilot networks of Urban and Rural Primary Health Centres (Kentra Ygeias Astikou kai Agrotikou Typou, KYAT, the Greek statutory primary care unit) across distinct site types: Evros (rural type, 2028 mayoral vehicle); Evrytania (Evrytania, mountain type, the least densely populated regional unit in Greece); Ikaria and Fourni (Ikaria kai Fournoi, island type, North Aegean); Lesvos (Lesvos, island reference centre); Western Athens (Dytikos Tomeas Athinon, urban under served type). Selection criteria: ELSTAT 2024 access to a general practitioner index, EOPYY (Ethnikos Organismos Parohis Ypiresion Ygeias) average appointment time, share of uncovered patients. The second wave is added by Diavgeia open call. Legal base: Law 1397 of 1983 (founding ESY statute), Law 4486 of 2017 (primary care, PFY), Law 4931 of 2022 (Personal Doctor). Reference points the Portuguese Unidades de Saúde Familiar 2007 distributed rollout administered by the Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde, and the Italian Case della Comunità under PNRR Missione 6. Pillar 11 reforms primary care across rural, mountain, island, island reference and urban under served conditions in parallel, not sequentially.

  • Joint memorandum among the Ministry of Health, the 4th Health Region (Macedonia and Thrace) for Evros, the 5th Health Region (Thessaly and Central Greece) for Evrytania, the 2nd Health Region (Piraeus and Aegean) for Ikaria, Fourni and Lesvos, the 1st Health Region (Attica) for Western Athens, and the participating municipalities. Anchored in Law 1397 of 1983, Law 4486 of 2017 and Law 4931 of 2022
  • Each pilot network deploys the appropriate KYAT typology: Aisymi Village Practice and the seven Evros TOMY units for the rural type; a single mountain primary care anchor in Karpenisi with five satellite mobile circuits for Evrytania; an integrated Ikaria and Fourni primary care unit with sea ambulance protocol for the island type; a Mytilene central primary care anchor with sub island circuits for the island reference type; a Western Athens TOMY cluster covering Peristeri, Aigaleo and Nikaia for the urban under served type
  • Selection by named indicators: ELSTAT 2024 access to a general practitioner index, EOPYY average appointment time, share of uncovered patients. The second wave (sites 6 to 10) added by Diavgeia open call published one full year before each opening, under Law 4412 of 2016 Article 32
  • Quarterly public reporting on Diavgeia under Law 3861 of 2010 with comparable indicators across all five site types. Cases of refusal of access referable to the Hellenic Ombudsman (Sinigoros tou Politi) under Law 3094 of 2003
  • Cross site type peer learning through EU4Health 2021 to 2027 (Regulation EU 2021/522) joint actions. The five types operate as a single national learning network, not as separate regional pilots

Approximately EUR 18 million per year across the five site types. Primary care reform demonstrated across the actual Greek geography (rural, mountain, island, island reference, urban under served) within the first electoral term, with each KYAT typology evaluated on its own conditions.

Envelopes B, A, G and C. EU4Health plus RRP component 3.4 plus Greek state budget plus East Macedonia and Thrace Operational Programme Priority 4 (with parallel envelopes for the other Health Regions).

The Village Practice

Establish in Aisymi, the founding village of AURIO, a Hart style village practice with one continuing salaried GP, one nurse, one community health worker drawn from the village. A complete adult registry from day one: every resident enrolled, blood pressure measured, cardiovascular risk tracked. Quarterly health check cycle. Clinical partner Democritus University of Thrace. The Greek Glyncorrwg.

  • GP and nurse recruited on five year rural allowance contracts. Community health worker drawn from Aisymi
  • Adult registry established in the first six months, every village resident enrolled
  • Quarterly health check cycle: blood pressure, smoking status, cardiovascular risk, chronic disease monitoring
  • Annual report to the Aisymi community assembly, published on Diavgeia

Aisymi Village Practice operational within 18 months of the 2028 mayoral term. Longitudinal registry published on Diavgeia annually. Village becomes the Greek demonstration site for Hart style anticipatory care.

Envelopes A and G. Two year RRP pilot plus 4th Health Region operating budget from year three. Approx. €220,000 per year operating.

The Community Health Worker Cadre

New formal cadre of Community Health Workers (λειτουργοί υγείας κοινότητας, LYK) drawn from Greek communities, trained at Democritus University of Thrace. Pilot 50 LYK across Evros in 2027 to 2028. One LYK per 1,000 registered patients. Deployed under the Personal Doctor framework of Law 4931/2022. The Farmer accompaniment model, in Greek.

  • Ministerial decision establishes the LYK role under Law 4486/2017 Article 9
  • Democritus University opens a ten month training programme, first cohort of 50 trainees
  • Recruitment prefers candidates from rural villages with lived community knowledge
  • Deployment ratio one LYK per 1,000 registered patients, under personal doctor supervision

50 LYK deployed across Evros by 2028. Second cohort deploys 2029. National rollout from 2030 based on the Evros first-site evidence. Fifty LYK across Evros is a deliberate first site load: one per 1,000 registered patients in a single Health Region, well inside the training and deployment capacity of ESF+ and the existing Democritus University Faculty of Health Sciences under Regulation (EU) 2021/1057.

Envelopes A, D and B. Training approx. €500,000 per cohort. Operating approx. €25,000 per LYK per year.

Reactivation of the TOMY Network

Fully populate the Law 4486/2017 Local Health Unit (TOMY) architecture across Evros with refurbished premises, multidisciplinary staffing, and a Case della Salute style community facing identity. Seven TOMY units: Alexandroupolis town, Alexandroupolis west, Orestiada, Soufli, Didymoteicho, Ferres, Aisymi. The Personal Doctor registration gets a clinical home.

  • Each TOMY staffed: two GPs, paediatrician, two nurses, two LYK, social worker, administrative officer
  • Opening hours 7am to 9pm weekdays, half day Saturdays
  • Community facing entrance with visible Case della Salute identity
  • Shared electronic record with Alexandroupolis University Hospital across the network

Seven operational TOMY units across Evros by 2030. Personal Doctor registrations meet a clinical home. Citizens stop using the hospital emergency department as primary care by default. Seven TOMY units in Evros restore to full use an architecture already authorised by Law 4486/2017, using less than 5 per cent of the Greek RRP primary care modernisation envelope under Regulation (EU) 2021/241.

Envelopes A, C and G. Capital €3.5M across seven units. Annual operating €1M per TOMY at full staffing.

Personal Doctor Anti Default Audit

Systematic audit of the 5.19 million Personal Doctor registrations on prosopikos.gov.gr to distinguish active clinical relationships from administrative defaults. First site Evros: AURIO proposes that every unregistered active patient be offered a baseline consultation within twelve months with LYK outreach support. The audit's condition, offering every registered patient a baseline consultation within twelve months, exists to keep the registry honest and the cohort known, not to punish patients, and follows Spain's 2020 primary care registry clean up under the Sistema Nacional de Salud as an operational precedent. The Hart ethic requires a known cohort, not a paper list.

  • Ministry of Health ministerial decision initiates the audit against EOPYY data
  • Registrations classified by clinical contact category: none, occasional, active
  • 4th Health Region offers every unregistered active patient a baseline consultation with LYK outreach
  • Evros figures published quarterly on Diavgeia

Evros Personal Doctor audit complete by end 2028. Every registered patient offered a baseline consultation within twelve months. Registration becomes a relationship.

Envelope G. €2M year one, then subsumed into regular GP capitation.

Governance and Participation Alexandroupolis and the ESY Charter

The Municipal Health Council

By Alexandroupolis municipal resolution, a Health Council of 21 members covering patients, community representatives, GPs, nurses, community health workers, Democritus University, the University Hospital, AURIO, port authority, army garrison, and civil society. Monthly meetings. Annual public health report. The governance commons that holds the clinical commons accountable.

  • Municipal council resolution within the first 100 days of the AURIO mayoral term in 2028
  • 21 member council including three patient representatives and two independent seats by open call
  • Monthly meetings chaired by the Mayor or delegated deputy. Annual public report each February
  • Advisory link to the Alexandroupolis Food Policy Council (Pillar 01) for the food and health interface

Alexandroupolis Health Council established in 2028. First annual public health report published February 2029. Governance commons holds the clinical commons accountable.

Envelopes C and H. One full time health policy officer inside the Municipality (€50,000 per year) plus optional research commission budget (€30,000).

The ESY Charter Restoration

Legislative act restating the Law 1397/1983 founding principles in operational terms: universal enrolment, free at the point of use including informal payment abolition, primary care gatekeeping. Prohibit any informal payment to an ESY professional and establish a confidential anti fakelaki reporting channel. The commons cannot be rebuilt while its users are paying informal rent.

  • AURIO parliamentary amendment tabled 2027 or 2028
  • Short primary legislation restating the three founding ESY principles
  • Dedicated anti informal payment enforcement unit within the Ministry of Health with referral powers to EPPO and SEEDD
  • Public communications campaign explaining patient rights under Article 21
  • Universal primary care access clause for all legal residents, with explicit provision for the Muslim minority of Western Thrace (Turkish and Pomak interpretation in the KYAT of Komotini and Xanthi under the Treaty of Lausanne 1923 framework) and for the Roma communities (mobile units serving 30 settlements per the Diavgeia mapping by the Ministry of Interior, YPES, 2024 baseline, with the Romanian Roma Health Mediators programme operating since 2002 as the operational model). Legal base: Constitution Article 21 paragraph 3, Council Directive 2003/109/EC, and the Greek National Strategy for Roma Inclusion 2021 to 2030. Funded by Envelopes P and G. EU4Health plus CERV-2026

ESY Charter Restoration enacted 2027 or 2028. Confidential reporting channel operational within six months. Fakelaki extraction ends by law, not by hope.

Envelopes G and A. Enforcement unit approx. €2M per year. Communications campaign €500,000 one off.

Rural Mobile Health Unit

Two vehicle mobile health unit operating weekly circuits across villages in the Rhodope foothills, the Evros delta, and the Greek Turkish border zone. A doctor, a nurse, a community health worker. Pomak community liaison and Turkish language translation as standard. Universal access as operational reality, not only as constitutional principle.

  • Two specialist vehicles procured with clinical equipment fit out
  • Weekly circuit visiting ten villages across mountainous Evros and the border zone
  • Clinical record integrated with the TOMY network and Aisymi Village Practice
  • Pomak community liaison and Turkish language translation standard

Rural Mobile Unit operational 2028. Villages without continuous primary care receive weekly visits. Pomak villages in the Rhodope foothills are no longer under served.

Envelopes A, C and B. Capital €400,000 for two vehicles. Operating €350,000 per year.

Public Medicine Dispensary Network

Public Medicine Dispensary in each Evros TOMY unit, stocking essential medicines at no cost for low income patients. Model developed during the crisis by Greek pharmacist solidarity networks and MKI Elliniko at the former Elliniko airport site. Universal access includes access to the medicine.

  • Essential medicines list derived from the WHO Model List, adapted to Greek prescribing norms
  • Dispensed at no cost to patients enrolled in low income schemes (KEA, pensioner minimum) on personal doctor prescription
  • MKI Elliniko style donation protocol for pharmaceutical overstock
  • Coordination with EOPYY and the Hellenic Pharmaceutical Association

Public Medicine Dispensary operational in every Evros TOMY by end 2028. Chronic disease adherence improves. The Hart ethic is no longer defeated at the pharmacy counter.

Envelopes G and A. €3M per year essential medicine envelope for Evros, reduced 30 to 50 per cent by the donation protocol.

Mental Health, Prevention, Data Basaglia, Illich, sovereignty

Community Mental Health Teams

Three Community Mental Health Teams across Evros: one Alexandroupolis urban, one Orestiada north, one Didymoteicho centre. Each team has a psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker, and community health worker. Home visits standard. The Basaglia deinstitutionalisation principle brought to Greek scale, four decades after Italy showed the way.

  • Three teams established, each serving an Evros sub region of approximately 50,000 population
  • Home visits standard. Crisis line coverage shared across the three teams
  • Strong clinical link to the Alexandroupolis University Hospital psychiatric department
  • Prevention and education activities in schools, workplaces, community centres monthly

Three Community Mental Health Teams operational across Evros by 2029. Serious mental illness no longer falls through primary care into hospital admission or family burden.

Envelopes A, B and C. Capital €500,000 premises. Operating €2M per year for three teams.

The Prevention Commons

Joint preventive health programme across the Alexandroupolis Food Policy Council (Pillar 01) and the Alexandroupolis Health Council (Proposal 6). Mediterranean diet integrated with blood pressure screening, diabetes prevention, cardiovascular risk. The Illich caution operationalised: prevention keeps the medical system from expanding into territory better held by the community commons.

  • Annual Evros Prevention Plan with defined targets: blood pressure coverage, diabetes prevention, smoking cessation, childhood obesity
  • Delivery through schools, workplaces, community centres by the shared CHW cadre (Proposal 3)
  • Joint working group of the Food Policy Council and the Health Council
  • Quarterly public report published on Diavgeia

Evros Prevention Plan published annually from 2028. Targets tracked quarterly. Food and health commons administered jointly, not in silos.

Envelopes B, A and H. Core programme €600,000 per year.

Tri University Medical Evidence and Waiting Time Transparency

The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (EKPA, Ethniko kai Kapodistriako Panepistimio Athinon) Medical School and the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Aristoteleio Panepistimio Thessalonikis) Medical School take on the scientific evidence base of Pillar 11, alongside the Democritus University of Thrace Medical Department in Alexandroupolis. Monthly publication on Diavgeia under Law 3861 of 2010: waiting time per specialty and hospital (waiting list), share of cancelled surgeries, share of unfilled specialty posts in island units. Scientific coordination by the National Public Health Organisation (EODY, Ethnikos Organismos Dimosias Ygeias) under Law 4675 of 2020. Reference point the United Kingdom NHS England waiting time standards (the 18 week referral to treatment standard in continuous publication since 2010) as transparency model. Greece has no equivalent statutory waiting time publication standard at present; this proposal supplies it.

  • AURIO parliamentary bill 2027 amending Law 4675 of 2020 to require monthly publication of the named indicators by EODY in cooperation with the EKPA Medical School, the Aristotle University Medical School and the DUTH Medical Department. Scientific advisory board chaired by EODY
  • Public dashboard on Diavgeia and as open data under Law 4727 of 2020 (digital governance), with comparable indicators across the seven Health Regions and the named tertiary hospitals (Evangelismos, Hippokrateion Athens, AHEPA, Hippokrateion Thessaloniki, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, University Hospital of Heraklion, University Hospital of Patras)
  • Tri university methodology agreement under Law 4485 of 2017 university governance, signed by the deans of the three Medical Schools. Selection of academic anchors for the patient outcome studies by open call under Law 4412 of 2016 Article 32
  • Annual public report tabled in the Hellenic Parliament Standing Committee on Social Affairs. Non publication or material delay in publication referable to the Hellenic Ombudsman under Law 3094 of 2003
  • Patient access to waiting time data through the EOPYY portal and through the prosopikos.gov.gr Personal Doctor portal, in plain Greek and with translation in Turkish, Pomak, Romani and Arabic where staffed

Approximately EUR 1.5 million per year for the EODY publication capacity and the tri university scientific coordination. Greek hospital waiting times become publicly accountable on a monthly cycle for the first time. Patients, oncall clinicians and oversight bodies see the same numbers on the same day.

Envelopes B and D. EU4Health plus ESF Plus.

The Regional Health Authority Transparency Act

Require the 4th Health Region to publish a quarterly public performance dashboard covering every Evros facility: staffing, bed occupancy, waiting times, patient satisfaction, financial expenditure. Published as open data under Law 4305/2014. Audit by the Hellenic Court of Audit. Accountability is the commons' immune system.

  • Ministerial decision initiates the dashboard under Law 4305/2014
  • Standard template covering hospital bed occupancy, TOMY staffing, GP list size, waiting times, emergency department attendance, expenditure
  • Quarterly publication with data API under the Greek open data framework
  • Hellenic Court of Audit oversight

Transparency Dashboard published quarterly from 2028. Every Evros facility visible to patients, community councils, and municipal governments. Drift or capture cannot hide.

Envelopes A, B and F. Development €300,000 one off. Maintenance €100,000 per year.

The Health Data Sovereignty Act

Legislative action establishing that Greek patient health data held in EOPYY, the electronic prescription system, and hospital records remains under Greek public ownership. Not transferable to any third party for commercial purposes without explicit patient consent, including any use for AI training or algorithmic development. The commons includes its data layer.

  • AURIO parliamentary bill tabled 2027 or 2028
  • Statutory affirmation under Constitution Article 9A and GDPR Article 9
  • Specific prohibition on AI training use without explicit consent
  • Health Data Sovereignty Office established under the Ministry of Health

Health Data Sovereignty Act enacted 2028. Dedicated office operational 2029. Greek health data is not for sale and is not transferable outside the Greek public system without explicit case by case patient consent.

Envelopes G and E. Health Data Sovereignty Office approx. €1M per year.

The Money

Where the money comes from.

€75M / 5 yr Five year deployment across fourteen proposals
28.8% Greek health spending paid out of pocket (≈30% informal fakelaki)
€1.486bn Greek RRP health envelope (half up for reallocation at mid-term review)

Greece has not lacked the money for a health commons. It has lacked the decisions to deploy it. The Greek Recovery and Resilience Plan carries a dedicated health envelope of €1.486bn, half deployed and half up for reallocation at the mid term review. EU4Health runs €4.4bn across 2021 to 2027. The East Macedonia and Thrace Operational Programme totals €639M with Priority 4 covering social inclusion and health infrastructure. ESF+ funds workforce training. CERV-2026 funds rights and participation. Horizon Europe Cluster 1 funds research. The EOPYY and Ministry of Health operating budget carries the commons from year three onward.

AURIO's route is to populate the architecture Greek law already authorises: Constitution Article 21, Law 1397/1983, Law 4486/2017, Law 4931/2022, Law 3852/2010. Five year conservative public deployment approximately €75M across fourteen proposals. 28.8 per cent of Greek health spending still leaves patient pockets as out of pocket payment, of which roughly 30 per cent is informal fakelaki. AURIO opposes the extraction and the capture. Nothing below requires new Greek taxation or a new Greek budget line.

Who Applies

How to reach the envelopes below.

  1. Alexandroupolis Municipality

    CH

    Lead beneficiary for EMT Operational Programme Priority 4 health infrastructure calls via EYDAMTH. Municipal budget vote for Health Council secretariat, Prevention Commons delivery, and TOMY premises.

  2. 4th Health Region and Ministry of Health

    AG

    RRP health component applications through the Ministry of Health. 4th Health Region deploys TOMY, Aisymi Village Practice, Rural Mobile Unit, Dispensary, and Community Mental Health Teams. Operating budget carries the commons from year three onward.

  3. Democritus University of Thrace and research partners

    DFB

    Lead beneficiary for LYK training under ESF+ workforce. Horizon Cluster 1 research applications with European consortium partners. EU4Health mental health and cross border consortium calls via HaDEA.

  4. AURIO parliamentary group

    E

    Parliamentary amendments and bills for the ESY Charter Restoration, Transparency Act, and Health Data Sovereignty Act from 2027. CERV-2026 rights line sponsorship for participation and patient rights components.

  5. Civil society, pharmacist networks, MKI Elliniko alumni

    GA

    MKI Elliniko alumni provide the volunteer professional base for Dispensary operation. Hellenic Pharmaceutical Association handles overstock donation protocol. AURIO Thinking School runs LYK recruitment outreach in rural villages.

Steady state envelope, by proposal

Annual cost at full roll out, in € millions. Envelope letters link to the funding sources below.

Years one and two carry RRP, EU4Health, ESF+ and CERV bridge financing under Regulations (EU) 2021/241, 2021/522, 2021/1057 and 2021/692. From year three, the EOPYY and Ministry of Health operating budget under Law 4600/2019 and the municipal and regional budgets under Law 3852/2010 absorb the floor through Envelopes G and H, exactly as the funding map specifies.

Greek Recovery and Resilience Plan, Health Component

€1.486bn Greek RRP health envelope, half deployed and half available for mid term reallocation

  • Covers primary health care modernisation, hospital digitalisation, prevention and public health, mental health, and workforce reform.
  • Partially deployed as of April 2026 with the remainder open for reallocation in the mid term review.
Legal base
Regulation (EU) 2021/241
Proposals funded
National Primary Care Pilot Five Site Types Greek RRP component (Proposal 1). Village Practice two year start up (Proposal 2). LYK training and deployment capital (Proposal 3). TOMY refurbishment (Proposal 4). Rural Mobile Unit capital (Proposal 8). Dispensary co financing (Proposal 9). Mental Health Teams (Proposal 10). Transparency Dashboard development (Proposal 13)
Who applies
Ministry of Health as national RRP implementer. 4th Health Region applies for Evros deployment. AURIO engages the RRP mid term review from 2025 onwards
Window
RRP spending deadline under active negotiation with the Commission for 2026 and extended deadlines. Mid term review open 2025 onwards

EU4Health Programme 2021 to 2027

€4.4bn post MFF revision envelope from an initial €5.3bn

  • EU's dedicated health programme managed by HaDEA.
  • Funds cross border health threats, disease prevention, health systems strengthening, mental health, and digital health.
  • Consortium lead typically a public institution or university.
Legal base
Regulation (EU) 2021/522
Proposals funded
LYK mental health and chronic disease capacity (Proposal 3). Rural Mobile Unit cross border health line (Proposal 8). Mental Health Teams (Proposal 10). Prevention Commons (Proposal 11). Tri University Medical Evidence and Waiting Time Transparency (Proposal 12). Transparency Dashboard health data line (Proposal 13)
Who applies
Greek institutions as eligible applicants through the HaDEA annual work programme calls. Consortium applications required for most topics
Window
Annual HaDEA calls through 2027. Final EU4Health annual calls running in 2026

East Macedonia and Thrace Operational Programme 2021 to 2027, Priority 4

€639M total public expenditure, Priority 4 social inclusion and health infrastructure line

  • 85 per cent EU, 15 per cent national cofinancing.
  • Priority 4 covers health infrastructure, social inclusion, and innovative solutions for regions with inequalities.
  • ESF+ component €165.5M of the €639M total public expenditure.
Legal base
Regulation (EU) 2021/1058 (ERDF) and Regulation (EU) 2021/1057 (ESF+)
Proposals funded
National Primary Care Pilot Five Site Types regional component (Proposal 1). TOMY refurbishment co financing (Proposal 4). Alexandroupolis Health Council secretariat (Proposal 6). Rural Mobile Unit co financing (Proposal 8). Community Mental Health Teams premises (Proposal 10)
Who applies
Alexandroupolis municipality as lead beneficiary, applied via EYDAMTH. Health Centre refurbishment also eligible through regional ESF+ social cohesion component
Window
Priority 4 calls ongoing through 2027. Health infrastructure calls expected 2026 to 2027

European Social Fund Plus 2021 to 2027, workforce development stream

€5.3bn Greek ESF+ total. Regional East Macedonia and Thrace component €165.5M

  • Funds workforce skills and employment.
  • Community health worker training qualifies under the skills and lifelong learning strand.
  • Annual operating grants up to €1.25M per EU level network.
Legal base
Regulation (EU) 2021/1057
Proposals funded
National Primary Care Pilot Five Site Types workforce component (Proposal 1). LYK training programme at Democritus University of Thrace Faculty of Health Sciences (Proposal 3). Tri University Medical Evidence and Waiting Time Transparency capacity building (Proposal 12). Workforce capacity building for the TOMY network
Who applies
Democritus University of Thrace as lead beneficiary for workforce training. 15 per cent national cofinancing
Window
ESF+ workforce calls ongoing through 2027. Next Greek eligible call expected 2026 Q4

Citizens, Equality, Rights and Values Programme (CERV-2026)

€1.55bn EU total programme for 2021 to 2027

  • Programme supports patient rights, health data sovereignty, and community health participation.
  • Lump sum grants for Networks of Towns, competitive for rights and values strands.
Legal base
Regulation (EU) 2021/692
Proposals funded
Health Data Sovereignty Office rights line co financing (Proposal 14). Community participation components of the Alexandroupolis Health Council (Proposal 6) and the Prevention Commons (Proposal 11). Universal access clause for the Muslim minority of Western Thrace and Roma communities (under the ESY Charter Restoration, Proposal 7)
Who applies
Civil society organisations and universities, often with municipal co applicants. Bodossaki PLATO intermediary for Greek civil society access
Window
Annual CERV calls. PLATO cycle: next Bodossaki call expected 2026. Networks of Towns call deadline 16 April 2026

Horizon Europe Cluster 1, Health

€8.2bn Cluster 1 total indicative budget across 2021 to 2027

  • Research and Innovation Actions at 100 per cent funding rate.
  • Health systems research, community primary care evaluation, and digital health are the relevant strands for Pillar 11.
Legal base
Regulation (EU) 2021/695
Proposals funded
LYK research and evaluation component at Democritus (Proposal 3). Prevention Commons evaluation research (Proposal 11). Tri University Medical Evidence and Waiting Time Transparency research base (Proposal 12). Transparency Dashboard analytics research (Proposal 13)
Who applies
Consortia of at least three legal entities from three different EU Member States. Democritus University of Thrace as natural academic anchor with European research partners
Window
Annual thematic calls. Research and Innovation Actions per annual work programme

EOPYY and Ministry of Health operating budget

Greek public health operating budget. Transitions RRP pilot funding to base funding from year three

  • The commons is sustained from year three onward through regular Greek public expenditure, after RRP pilot funding completes.
  • EOPYY handles the medicine budget.
  • The Ministry handles the staffing and facility lines.
Legal base
Greek national budget. Law 4600/2019 on hospital governance. Law 4931/2022 on the Personal Doctor
Proposals funded
Aisymi Village Practice from year three (Proposal 2). Ongoing TOMY operating (Proposal 4). Personal Doctor Audit (Proposal 5). ESY Charter enforcement unit (Proposal 7). Dispensary medicine budget reallocation (Proposal 9). Mental Health Teams ongoing operating (Proposal 10). Tri University Medical Evidence ongoing EODY publication (Proposal 12). Transparency Dashboard maintenance (Proposal 13). Health Data Sovereignty Office (Proposal 14)
Who applies
Ministry of Health through the annual Greek public budget process. AURIO parliamentary representatives sponsor the line items from 2027
Window
Annual Greek public budget cycle

Region of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace and Alexandroupolis Municipality

Regional operating budget approx. €150M per year. Alexandroupolis Municipality operating budget approx. €30M to €50M per year

  • Municipal discretionary spending covers governance costs and in kind contributions.
  • AURIO mayoral win 2028 decides the pace.
  • No application required.
Legal base
Law 3852/2010 Kallikrates Code
Proposals funded
Alexandroupolis Health Council secretariat €50,000 per year (Proposal 6). Prevention Commons community delivery in kind (Proposal 11). Municipal premises and in kind contributions for TOMY (Proposal 4)
Who applies
Alexandroupolis municipal budget vote. Regional authority allocation for regional scale programmes
Window
Annual municipal and regional budget cycles
What Changes For You

The payoff is local, measurable, and soon.

  1. The envelope stops at the hospital desk.

    The ESY Charter Restoration enforces Law 1397/1983's free at the point of use principle. A dedicated Ministry of Health enforcement unit with referral powers to EPPO and SEEDD. Anonymous reporting channel. 28.8 per cent out of pocket, of which roughly 30 per cent is fakelaki, comes down.

  2. Your village has a doctor. The same one, for years.

    The Aisymi Village Practice is staffed by a continuing GP on a five year rural allowance contract, a nurse, and a community health worker drawn from the village. A registered cohort, a longitudinal record, every adult known to the clinic. The Greek Glyncorrwg.

  3. Registration means someone is watching your health.

    The Personal Doctor Anti Default Audit converts 1.6 million paper registrations into actual clinical relationships. Every registered patient offered a baseline consultation within twelve months, with LYK outreach support. The Hart ethic requires a known cohort, not a paper list.

  4. Someone from your village is on your doctor's team.

    Community Health Workers (λειτουργοί υγείας κοινότητας, LYK) are recruited from the community, trained at Democritus University for ten months, deployed one per 1,000 registered patients. Medication reminders, chronic disease follow up, home visits. The Farmer accompaniment model, in Greek.

Go Deeper

The research behind the policy.

Where it has worked.

Aisymi, Evros

From 2026

The founding local case.

Aisymi is the founding village of AURIO. Its health post functions only during limited daytime hours, typical of Greek rural primary care. The village has no continuing clinical relationship with any one doctor. The Hart ethic is absent. The Personal Doctor registration is nominal.

Pillar 11 Proposal 2 proposes the Aisymi Village Practice: one continuing salaried GP on a five year rural allowance contract, one nurse, one community health worker drawn from the village. Every adult enrolled in a systematic registry from day one. Blood pressure, cardiovascular risk, and chronic disease tracked longitudinally. Quarterly health check cycle. Annual report to the village assembly on Diavgeia. The Greek Glyncorrwg being built. Approximately 1,200 registered patients. Annual operating cost €220,000. The demonstration from which the national TOMY reactivation draws.

Elliniko, Athens, Greece

2011 to 2019

The Greek proof, in living memory.

Between 2011 and 2019 the Metropolitan Community Clinic at Elliniko operated from the former Elliniko airport site in south Athens. Founded by the physician Giorgos Vichas with a volunteer workforce of several hundred doctors, pharmacists, nurses, and administrators, MKI Elliniko provided primary care, medication distribution, and dental services free of charge to uninsured Greek residents, migrants, and refugees. The clinic treated all legal residents of Athens who crossed its door, regardless of insurance status or passport, matching the inclusive practice of Spain's Ley General de Sanidad 14 of 1986 and Portugal's Lei de Bases da Saúde 48 of 1990 on universal access.

At its peak MKI Elliniko reported donated medicines worth several million euros per year through a pharmacy solidarity bank supplied by patient donations and pharmacist overstock. The Lancet Kentikelenis papers cite it as both a study object and an interview source on the Greek health crisis. The clinic closed in 2019 when its rent expired under the airport redevelopment. The volunteer network, the donor base, and the operational memory are still alive. The commons model is not imported. It is already Greek, Athenian, and waiting to be publicly rebuilt.

Havana and nationwide, Cuba

Since 1984

The team of two, serving six hundred people.

In 1984 Cuba launched the Family Doctor and Nurse programme, placing a team of one family doctor and one nurse in every neighbourhood with a catchment of 120 to 160 families, approximately 600 to 700 people. The team operates from a neighbourhood consultorio, linking upward to a polyclinic serving 25,000 to 30,000 people for specialist and diagnostic support.

The 2023 Cuban statistical yearbook records 80,763 practising doctors, 78.9 doctors per 10,000 inhabitants, life expectancy at birth 77.70 years, and infant mortality 7.1 per 1,000 live births. The unit of organisation is two people serving a small population. The cumulative result is longitudinal care at national scale. The Greek TOMY, fully populated, converges on the same structural answer.

Kerala, India

Since 2017

The state that decentralised primary care.

Kerala, population 35.7 million, achieves life expectancy, infant mortality, and literacy outcomes comparable to high income countries at a fraction of their per capita expenditure. The Aardram Mission, launched in 2017, converts Primary Health Centres into Family Health Centres with extended opening hours, multidisciplinary teams, chronic disease registries, and a catchment of 10,000 to 30,000 population.

A first round selected 170 PHCs for conversion. A second round brought the count to 500. Kerala's ASHA workers, community health volunteers drawn from the communities they serve, are the direct operational cousin of the Farmer accompaniment model, built at state scale. Kerala's COVID 19 response was widely cited as the most effective in India, attributed in part to this primary care architecture.

Glyncorrwg, Wales

1961 to 1987

One doctor. One village. Twenty six years.

From 1961 to 1987 Julian Tudor Hart ran the single GP practice serving Glyncorrwg, a mining village of approximately 2,000 in the Afan Valley of south Wales. The practice became the first in the United Kingdom to undertake systematic anticipatory care: measuring blood pressure in every adult registered patient, recording smoking status, weight, and family history, and following the cohort longitudinally across decades.

The Glyncorrwg data, published across the 1970s and 1980s, provided the empirical base for the later NHS programme on hypertension management. The central finding was that systematic population level primary care, undertaken by one practitioner embedded in one community over a long time horizon, produced measurable cardiovascular mortality reduction. The method is: one continuing practitioner, one registered cohort, one longitudinal record, one community relationship.

Cange and Butaro, Haiti and Rwanda

Since 1987

Accompaniment at district scale.

Partners in Health was founded in 1987 in Cange, Haiti, by Paul Farmer, Ophelia Dahl, Jim Yong Kim, Todd McCormack, and Thomas J. White. The organisation now runs 11 country sites, 18,935 supported staff globally, and 349 facilities under programme support. The Cange protocol for multidrug resistant tuberculosis, developed through the 1990s, forced a revision of WHO guidance.

In 2011 PIH opened Butaro District Hospital in the Burera district of northern Rwanda, serving a population at opening of approximately 340,000 and housing the Butaro Cancer Centre of Excellence, the first rural cancer hospital in sub Saharan Africa. The Butaro design integrates primary care, secondary hospital services, and tertiary cancer care at district scale, with community health workers as the bridge between levels. The empirical proof that the Farmer model scales from a village clinic to a district system.

Italy

Since 1978

The country that closed the asylums.

On 23 December 1978 Italy enacted Law 833, the founding statute of the Italian National Health Service, establishing a universal, tax funded, territorially organised public health system. Greek Law 1397 of 1983 was drafted with direct reference to the Italian model.

Law 833 absorbed Law 180 of 13 May 1978, the Basaglia Law, named for the psychiatrist Franco Basaglia, which mandated the closure of Italy's psychiatric asylums and the transition of mental health care to community based services. Italy remains the only European country to have legally abolished the psychiatric asylum. The reform was contested and in many regions chronically under resourced, but its principle, that serious mental illness is better addressed in community settings than in custodial institutions, is now the dominant international view. Pillar 11 Proposal 10 translates that principle to Greek scale, starting in Evros.

Tuscany, Italy

Since 2007

The house of health on the high street.

Since 2007 the Tuscan regional government has developed the Case della Salute, community health houses bringing together general practice, nursing, specialist outpatient services, social work, and mental health promotion under a single roof at neighbourhood scale. The Agenzia Regionale di Sanità Toscana update of 1 January 2024 records 82 active Case della Salute with 513 general practitioners based in them.

The Tuscan model inspired the Italian national Case di Comunità programme, funded through the Italian Recovery and Resilience Plan, aiming at 1,350 Case di Comunità across Italy. For AURIO the Tuscan model is the architectural template for Greek TOMY revitalisation. A recognisable civic facade. Extended opening hours. A clear welcoming entry point to the health system. Proposal 4 transposes this template to Alexandroupolis, Orestiada, Soufli, Didymoteicho, and Aisymi.

Seville and the eight provinces, Andalusia, Spain

Ongoing

The health service that reports on itself.

The Servicio Andaluz de Salud, the Andalusian regional health service, publishes performance and operational data across its hospital and primary care network through the Junta de Andalucía open data portal. Staffing, activity, waiting lists, outcomes, and expenditure are reported at health district and facility level, accessible to patients, municipalities, researchers, and oversight bodies without request.

The model proves the administrative point that Pillar 11 Proposal 13 relies on. A regional health authority can sustain open data publication as routine practice, not as exceptional disclosure. Greece's 4th Health Region already holds the core data under Law 4305 of 2014. What is missing is not the data. It is the statutory obligation to publish it on a quarterly cycle with Hellenic Court of Audit oversight. Accountability is the commons' immune system.

The deeper argument.

Greek healthcare was founded on a charter it has never honoured. Article 21 of the 1975 Constitution states that the state shall care for the health of citizens. Law 1397 of 1983 gave the constitutional obligation concrete form: a national health system, tax funded, universal, free at the point of use. In 2026 the promise is on paper. The clinical relationship is not. 28.8 per cent of health spending leaves patient pockets as out of pocket payment, of which roughly 30 per cent is informal fakelaki. Rural doctors emigrate. Primary care lists run to 1,000 to 2,000 per GP. The personal doctor portal records 5.19 million registrations against 3.56 million clinical places. The charter is not refuted by theory. It is refuted by delivery.

Illich names the diagnosis. The medical establishment, unbounded, consumes the non medical resources of health: family, neighbourhood, work, meaning. The commons of health is prior to the hospital. The hospital must not colonise the commons. Illich does not argue that medicine is useless. He argues that medicine beyond its proper bounds expropriates the civic capacity that would sustain health without it. Pillar 11 Proposal 11, the Prevention Commons linking food sovereignty to primary care screening, is the Illich caution operationalised: keep the medical system within the territory where it adds, not where it expropriates.

Marmot proves what Illich named. Health is determined by income, housing, education and employment before it is determined by medicine. The Whitehall studies record a clean social gradient: every step down the hierarchy maps onto worse health outcomes regardless of access to care. The prescription that followed the data was a kinder NHS, better commissioning, more research funds. Pillar 11 keeps the diagnosis and goes further. Healthcare as a commons. Community ownership of primary care. The social determinants point past medicine entirely.

Hart proves what a doctor in a village can do. From 1961 to 1987 in Glyncorrwg, one continuing GP with a systematic population approach produced measurable cardiovascular mortality reduction in a single mining village of 2,000 people. The method is reproducible: one practitioner, one registered cohort, one longitudinal record, one community relationship, measured over decades. The Personal Doctor Law 4931 of 2022 is the Greek legal scaffolding for exactly this method. Pillar 11 Proposals 2 to 5 are the work of converting the scaffolding into practice, starting in Aisymi and Evros, with the National Primary Care Pilot Five Site Types (Proposal 1) carrying the parallel rollout in mountain, island, island reference and urban under served conditions.

Farmer provides the implementation science. A community health worker drawn from the patient's village, trained to accompany patients through chronic disease management, mental health first aid, and medication adherence, is the load bearing unit of a district health system. Partners in Health demonstrated this from Cange to Butaro, from Kerala ASHA to Cuban consultorio. The Greek TOMY unit, in its current under staffed state, does not have the personnel for accompaniment. Pillar 11 Proposal 3 creates the Community Health Worker (LYK) cadre that fills the gap.

Gawande names the engineering. The variability that maps to clinical outcomes is system design, not individual skill: missed handoffs, absent checklists, opaque cost variation, conversations clinicians never have. The prescription that followed the diagnosis was hospital management reform, federal quality oversight, better measurement. Pillar 11 keeps the diagnosis and pushes the prescription past management into the commons. The longitudinal record under Hart's method, the community health worker cadre under Farmer's, and the open data dashboard under Proposals 12 to 14 are the engineering Gawande's research said would work, owned by the people it is designed to serve.

A clinical commons without an accountability architecture erodes. Greek law has held the ESY to universal free care for forty years on paper; delivery has drifted because no public dashboard held the system to its own promises. Pillar 11 Proposals 12, 13 and 14 are the accountability wing of the commons. The Regional Health Authority Transparency Act requires the 4th Health Region to publish a quarterly open data dashboard covering every Evros facility under Law 4305 of 2014, audited by the Hellenic Court of Audit. Andalusia's regional health service has operated exactly this register at scale and demonstrates that the mechanism is routine, not exceptional. The Health Data Sovereignty Act affirms that Greek patient health data held in EOPYY, the electronic prescription system, and hospital records remains under Greek public ownership, not transferable to commercial third parties or AI trainers without explicit case by case patient consent under GDPR Article 9. The first proposition is operable today. The second is obliged by Constitution Article 9A. Accountability is the commons' immune system.

This is not a regional programme. The Aisymi Village Practice is the founding demonstration, not the destination. The same template applies to any Greek village whose health post functions only during limited daytime hours: the Cretan mountain villages around Sfakia and Anogeia, the Mani in southern Peloponnese, the interior of Epirus, the smaller Dodecanese and Cycladic islands where a single ferry delay separates a patient from specialist care. The Community Health Worker cadre is designed to be drawn from Greek communities wherever rural isolation sits beside an ageing demographic profile. MKI Elliniko operated in Athens and its volunteer alumni network is national. Ikaria, Greece's Blue Zone, already holds part of the commons answer in its longitudinal social practice; the clinical architecture Pillar 11 proposes gives it a public-sector counterpart. The 4th Health Region of Macedonia and Thrace would be the first administration to deploy the architecture because it covers Evros, where AURIO enters public office first. The 1st Health Region of Attica, the 7th of Crete, the 2nd of Piraeus and the Aegean all carry the same data obligations under Law 4305 of 2014 and the same constitutional charter under Article 21. Pillar 11 is for every Greek region that has been asked to accept the fakelaki as the price of a doctor's attention.

The fourteen proposals of Pillar 11 are funded from envelopes Greece has already secured: €1.486bn RRP health component, €4.4bn EU4Health programme, €639M East Macedonia and Thrace Operational Programme, ESF+ workforce, CERV-2026, Horizon Europe Cluster 1, the EOPYY and Ministry of Health operating budget, and municipal resources. Five year conservative public deployment approximately €75M. The legal base is in place: Constitution Article 21, Law 1397 of 1983, Law 4486 of 2017, Law 4931 of 2022, Law 3852 of 2010. The institutional network is in place: 4th Health Region, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Panhellenic Medical Association. The MKI Elliniko alumni network of volunteer Greek professionals is still active. The conditions are assembled. What is missing is the political act that puts them together.

Health is not a standalone pillar. Food sovereignty reduces diet related disease. Community energy eliminates energy poverty. The local economy generates the stable employment that protects health. Culture reduces isolation. Education improves diagnostic literacy. Democracy gives communities control over the conditions that determine their health. Pillar 11 is the pillar that proves the others work.

The Greek health charter is already in place. The commons is not yet honoured.

AURIO is for the people who are ready to build a healthcare commons that keeps the promise.

References

Sources cited in this paper. Read more
  • Illich, I. "Medical Nemesis: The Expropriation of Health" (Calder and Boyars, 1975); reissued as "Limits to Medicine" (1976)
  • Tudor Hart, J. "The Inverse Care Law" (The Lancet, 27 February 1971)
  • Tudor Hart, J. "The Political Economy of Health Care: Where the NHS came from and where it could lead" (Policy Press, 2010)
  • Farmer, P. "Pathologies of Power: Health, Human Rights, and the New War on the Poor" (University of California Press, 2003)
  • Farmer, P. et al. "Structural Violence and Clinical Medicine" (PLoS Medicine, 2006)
  • Partners in Health, 2024 Annual Report, recording 11 country sites, 18,935 supported staff globally, and 349 facilities
  • Cuba Ministry of Public Health, Anuario Estadístico de Salud 2023 (edición 2024), recording 80,763 practising doctors and 78.9 doctors per 10,000 inhabitants
  • Kerala Arogyakeralam, Aardram Mission transformation order (2017) and Family Health Centre lists (170 in first round, 500 in second)
  • Law 180 of 13 May 1978 (Basaglia Law) and Law 833 of 23 December 1978 (Italian National Health Service), Italian Republic
  • Regione Toscana, Case della Salute; Agenzia Regionale di Sanità Toscana update of 1 January 2024, recording 82 active units and 513 GPs
  • Starfield, B. et al. "Contribution of Primary Care to Health Systems and Health" (Milbank Quarterly, 2005)
  • Kentikelenis, A. et al. "Greece's Health Crisis: From Austerity to Denialism" (The Lancet, 2014); "Health Inequalities After Austerity in Greece" (2016)
  • European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, Greece Country Profile (NCBI Bookshelf NBK447857)
  • James, J. T. "A New, Evidence based Estimate of Patient Harms Associated with Hospital Care" (Journal of Patient Safety, 2013)
  • OECD, Recent Trends in International Migration of Doctors, Nurses and Medical Students (2019); Society at a Glance 2024 on suicides
  • WHO, Declaration of Astana, 2018 Global Conference on Primary Health Care
  • Greek laws: 1397/1983 (ESY); 4486/2017 (Primary Care and TOMY); 4931/2022 (Personal Doctor); 4600/2019 (Hospital Governance); 3852/2010 (Kallikrates Code); 4305/2014 (Open Data); 4624/2019 (Data Protection Act). Constitution of Greece, Articles 21 (public health) and 9A (personal data protection)
  • AURIO, "Pillar 11. Healthcare as a Commons: From Scarcity and Queue to a Community Health System" (April 2026). Full standalone document including 14 proposals with the nine field structure, 8 funding envelopes, five year cash flow projection, risk analysis, and appendices on the Greek legal framework and the Evros health infrastructure map.

This policy needs people.

Not promises. Not consultants. People who show up.