Pillar 09

Make the Parliament Real

The European Parliament cannot initiate legislation. The Commission holds the monopoly under Article 17(2) TEU. AURIO campaigns for a Treaty Convention on direct legislative initiative for the Parliament, and builds the polycentric assembly architecture from Aisymi to Alexandroupolis to Brussels.

Inspired by Elinor Ostrom, Murray Bookchin, Cornelius Castoriadis, Nicos Poulantzas & Yves Sintomer

Press Q T C P M W E to jump to a section. B to go back.

Keyboard shortcuts on this page: Q jumps to The Problem, T to The Thinking, C to The Proof, P to The Proposals, M to Where the Money Comes From, W to What Changes for You, E to Go Deeper, and B returns to the Programme index.

The Problem

Four hundred million Europeans elect a parliament that cannot propose a single law.

0 Laws the European Parliament can propose
449M EU 27 citizens (2024) who elect a Parliament that cannot legislate
144 → 0 European Citizens' Initiatives launched since 2012; binding legislation produced
The Thinking

Who argued this, and why it holds.

Elinor Ostrom, Murray Bookchin, Cornelius Castoriadis, Nicos Poulantzas & Yves Sintomer

400 million citizens elect a parliament that cannot propose a single law.

Elinor Ostrom, Nobel laureate in economics in 2009, demolished Hardin's 1968 assumption that shared resources must be either privatised or state managed. Governing the Commons (Cambridge University Press, 1990) studied the Spanish huerta irrigation systems, the Philippine zanjera cooperatives, the Swiss alpine meadows at Torbel, the Japanese village forests iriai and the Maine lobster gangs, and identified eight design principles common to durable commons governance, ending in nested polycentric institutions for larger commons. The European Union, on Ostrom criteria, fails most of the principles: rules made by a single Commission centre, monitors external, dispute resolution inaccessible, the system stacked hierarchically rather than nested polycentrically. The diagnosis is precise.

Murray Bookchin, founder of the Institute for Social Ecology, developed across five decades the doctrine of libertarian municipalism. The municipality (the polis, the neighbourhood, the town), not the nation state, is the natural arena for democratic life. Citizens self govern through face to face popular assemblies, confederating upward by sending mandated recallable delegates. The Democratic Federation of Northern and Eastern Syria (Rojava), governing approximately four million people since 2012, is the largest contemporary application. The Next Revolution (Verso, 2015) is the canonical statement. Bookchin tells us that the problem with democracy is not bad representatives. It is representation itself.

Rojava is the confederal method under war. The method is older than the war. The Swiss communes of Graubünden (federal from 1367), the Paris sections of 1792 to 1794, and the Spanish huerta assemblies documented by Ostrom all confederate face to face assemblies upward through mandated recallable delegates, without armed conflict. AURIO takes the method, not the circumstances.

Three further thinkers anchor the operational architecture. Yves Sintomer in The Government of Chance (Cambridge University Press, 2023) traces sortition from the Athenian kleroterion to the contemporary citizens' assembly, supplying the methodological bridge between Ostrom's design and Bookchin's assemblies at scale. Cornelius Castoriadis grounds the project philosophically in the distinction between autonomy (a society that consciously institutes itself) and heteronomy (a society that accepts its institutions as natural or god given). Nicos Poulantzas grounds it strategically: the state is a condensation of social relations, a terrain of struggle whose legitimacy depends on representing subaltern interests, which gives peripheral and border communities institutional grounds to demand power.

Ostrom tells us why. Bookchin tells us what. Sintomer tells us how. Castoriadis grounds the project philosophically; Poulantzas grounds it strategically. Pillar 9 takes all five seriously.

The EU does not have a money problem. It has a democracy problem. The funds exist. The directives exist. What does not exist is the democratic accountability to ensure they serve citizens.

The Proof

This is not theory. It runs somewhere today.

0 Laws the European Parliament can propose
vs
449M EU 27 citizens (2024) who elect it

449 million voters elect a Parliament that cannot propose a single law. The Commission holds a monopoly on legislative initiative under Article 17(2) TEU. The Parliament can request a proposal under Article 225 TFEU; during the 2019 to 2024 term it submitted approximately 25 such resolutions. The Conference on the Future of Europe Proposal 38 action 4 and Proposal 39 action 4 explicitly called for direct EP legislative initiative. The European Council has not opened the Convention.

The Proposals

What we will do. Concretely.

Charter and Assembly Bind the party to the discipline before any law mandates it

AURIO Democratic Charter

Before any law mandates it, AURIO adopts an internal Democratic Charter binding the party, its candidates and its elected representatives to face to face popular assembly procedure, sortition mini public input on candidate selection and policy formation, mandated recallable delegation, and standing transparency on internal decision making. The party that proposes mandated recallable delegation applies that test to its own internal organisation; the party that proposes citizens' assemblies subjects its own positions to a Sortition Council; the party that proposes recall accepts recall of its own elected officials.

  • Adopted at the AURIO founding conference in Aisymi, April 2026, amendable only by two thirds majority of the Annual Assembly
  • Annual AURIO Assembly drawing all members and supporters in face to face deliberation
  • Thirty member Sortition Council selected by lot from the membership, on annual rotation
  • Mandated recallable delegation to the Executive Committee with 15 per cent recall petition threshold
  • Annual Democracy Audit reviewing compliance with the Charter

Approximately EUR 8,000 per electoral cycle. Foundational. Without AURIO leading by example on internal democratic discipline, all subsequent proposals lack standing.

Envelope I. AURIO internal budget.

Municipal Permanent Citizens' Assembly

The first Permanent Assembly would be established in the Municipality of Alexandroupolis as the AURIO 2028 mayoral campaign anchor, with the model designed for replication across any Greek municipality with the institutional capacity to host it. The Assembly comprises fifty randomly selected residents on annual rotation, stratified by age, gender, neighbourhood, education and income, with a mandate to deliberate on two themes per year and a binding duty of response by the Municipal Council. The Ostbelgien permanent Citizens' Council (Belgium 2019), the Brussels Region deliberative committees (2019) and the Gdansk Citizens' Assemblies (Poland 2016 to 2017) are the contemporary best practice.

  • Municipal Council resolution under Law 3852/2010 plus statutory amendment to Article 76 introducing the binding remit
  • Fifty residents drawn by lot from the municipal civil register, demographically stratified, twelve month mandate
  • Stratification includes Muslim minority of Western Thrace residents at their share of the municipal register, with minority language facilitation available on request; inclusion audited annually by the Hellenic Ombudsman on Constitution Articles 5 and 20 (1975) and reported to Diavgeia
  • Stratification includes residents with disabilities at their share of the municipal register, on a partnership with the National Confederation of Disabled People (ESAmeA) for accessibility and reasonable accommodation, on Constitution Article 21(6) and Law 4488/2017
  • Residents includes all legal residents of the Municipality registered on the municipal civil register, not only Greek citizens; the precedent is Barcelona en Comú (2015 onward), Valencia Consell de Ciutat (2017 onward) and the Lisbon Participatory Budget (2008 onward), each of which extends municipal deliberation to legal residents; procedural guarantors are the Greek Council for Refugees and the Hellenic League for Human Rights
  • Two themes per year remitted by the Municipal Council; Assembly retains the right to add a third theme on its own motion
  • Three weekends per theme with balanced expert input panels
  • Recommendations supported by 60 per cent or more trigger Municipal Council duty of response within three months; recommendations supported by 80 per cent or more are binding unless overturned by two thirds Council vote with public reasoning, on the Gdansk decision rule
  • Independent Secretariat and independent facilitation team (model: Ostbelgien permanent Citizens' Council)

Approximately EUR 150,000 per year. Anchors the AURIO 2028 mayoral campaign in a deliverable institutional reform.

Envelopes A, F and G. Municipality budget plus ESF+ cohesion strand plus CERV-2026.

European Track Article 48 TEU Convention, ECI codecision, Spitzenkandidat reform

Greek national campaign for Article 48 TEU Treaty Convention

AURIO commits to a Greek national campaign for the European Council to convene a Convention under Article 48 TEU on the basis of the Conference on the Future of Europe proposals, with the principal demand being the grant of a direct right of legislative initiative to the European Parliament. The Conference on the Future of Europe produced 49 proposals and 326 implementing measures, of which Proposal 38 action 4 and Proposal 39 action 4 explicitly called for direct EP legislative initiative. The European Council has not opened the Convention. The November 2023 Verhofstadt Riba Maillard report adopted 267 amendments on Treaty change. Direct legislative initiative is the single most important democratic reform in the EU.

  • AURIO MPs propose a Hellenic Parliament resolution calling on the Greek government to support convening an Article 48 TEU Convention
  • AURIO MEPs (from 2029) join cross group Article 48 TEU Convention coalition (Greens/EFA, Renew Europe, S&D Article 48 working groups)
  • Member State pressure coalition with Belgian, Spanish, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Slovenian and Maltese counterparts
  • Bilingual Greek English White Paper on Article 48 TEU revision
  • Parallel ECI on direct EP legislative initiative under Article 11(4) TEU

Approximately EUR 250,000 per year for campaign communications and coalition building. Articulates the AURIO 2029 European Parliament campaign on a substantive institutional reform.

Envelopes G and I. AURIO budget plus CERV-2026 plus the Greens/EFA group budget.

European Citizens' Initiative on codecision rights for citizens' panels

Reform the European Citizens' Initiative under Article 11(4) TEU and Regulation (EU) 2019/788 to grant mandatory codecision rights for randomly selected citizens' panels in defined Union legislative procedures, with binding Commission duty of response on Article 225 TFEU resolutions, and a statutory minimum of two CoFoE style citizens' panels per Commission term. Approximately 144 ECIs have been launched since 2012; only 14 have reached the one million signature threshold; only 10 have received formal Commission responses; none has produced binding legislation. The structural success rate on legislation is zero.

  • Drafted in cooperation with European NGOs (Democracy International, European Citizens Action Service, FairTrials, EUStepUp)
  • Targets the one million signature threshold across at least seven Member States within twelve months of registration
  • On threshold success, triggers Commission duty of response under Article 11(4) TEU; if response is inadequate, parallel push through Parliament under Article 225 TFEU
  • Paired with the Article 48 TEU Convention campaign for compound effect
  • Supported by AURIO MEPs in cross group cooperation

Approximately EUR 400,000 across two years. Builds the European democratic constituency at lower legal threshold than Treaty change.

Envelopes G and I. CERV-2026 plus European Greens plus Open Society Foundations Europe plus AURIO own resources.

Spitzenkandidat reform proposal

AURIO supports a binding Spitzenkandidat reform within the EU institutional framework. The Spitzenkandidat process was applied in 2014 (Juncker, EPP), bypassed in 2019 (Ursula von der Leyen was not the EPP Spitzenkandidat), and partly applied in 2024 (von der Leyen was the EPP nominee, re elected by Parliament on 18 July 2024 with 401 votes). Without binding procedural status, the Spitzenkandidat process cannot deliver the democratic accountability promise it was designed to fulfil. Paired with a transnational lists provision allowing each citizen one vote on a national constituency list and a second vote on a transnational list of European political party Spitzenkandidat candidates.

  • Amendment to Article 17(7) TEU to require the European Council to propose to Parliament the candidate of the European political party group holding the most seats following the European Parliament elections
  • Limited exceptions where the candidate fails to secure majority support in Parliament
  • Bundled into the Article 48 TEU Convention package
  • Bundled into the same Article 48 TEU package: a single seat resolution for the European Parliament under Protocol 6, redirecting the EUR 113.8 million per year identified by the European Court of Auditors on the Strasbourg parallel seat to the operating budget of the two Conference on the Future of Europe style citizens' panels per Commission term proposed in Proposal 4
  • Operationalised in the interim through an Inter Institutional Agreement between Parliament, Council and Commission under Article 295 TFEU
  • The Greek delegation supports explicitly: (a) a binding Spitzenkandidat (lead candidate) system tied to the European Parliament majority; (b) twenty eight transnational seats (transnational lists) through a second vote of every EU citizen, applied across the full Union electoral territory; (c) revision of Regulation (EU) 2018/673 on the statute and funding of European political parties so that European political parties may appear on the ballot paper with their own logo, not solely through national affiliated parties. Legal base: Constitution Article 28 and Council Decision (EU, Euratom) 2018/994 amending the Act concerning the election of the members of the European Parliament. Reference points the German 2023 proposal on transnational list rules (Bundestag drucksache 20/8888 and successor papers) and the Italian Manifesto of European Parties of 2022. Funded by Envelopes G and I

Negligible cost at AURIO level. Delivers the democratic accountability promise of the Lisbon Treaty within the Pillar 9 European track. Single seat redirect releases approximately EUR 113.8 million per year (European Court of Auditors estimate) to the citizens' panel operating budget.

Envelope G. EP institutional budget plus Greens/EFA plus AURIO MEPs.

CAP and Polycentric Commons Ostrom's design principles applied to the largest single EU envelope

CAP polycentric co management

Reform Greek CAP governance for the 2028 to 2032 programming period to apply Ostrom's eight design principles for polycentric commons co management. The Greek CAP envelope of approximately EUR 13.4 billion for 2023 to 2027 (EUR 9.6 billion direct payments plus EUR 1 billion investment support plus rural development pillar) is administered through a centralised Athens Ministry of Rural Development structure that fails most of Ostrom's principles. The wider EU Common Agricultural Policy distributes approximately EUR 55 billion per year, with the majority of direct payments flowing to large landowners and industrial agriculture. Small farmers across Europe, including in Greece, receive a fraction of the support despite producing the food that communities actually eat.

  • Regional CAP Co Management Boards in each Greek Region (Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Central Macedonia, Western Macedonia, Epirus, Thessaly, Central Greece, Western Greece, Peloponnese, Attica, North Aegean, South Aegean, Crete, Ionian Islands)
  • Each Board comprises elected farmer association representatives, municipal representatives, scientific experts and consumer representatives in equal proportion
  • Each Regional CAP Co Management Board stratifies farmer association seats so that the Muslim minority of Western Thrace agricultural cooperatives in the Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Region hold seats at their share of registered holdings, audited by Democritus University of Thrace and the Hellenic Ombudsman
  • Rule setting on local production criteria, monitoring and graduated sanctions delegated to Regional Boards under shared CAP meta criteria
  • Cap on direct payments per recipient so EU funds support working farmers, not landowners
  • Minimum percentage of CAP funds in each Member State allocated to farms under 10 hectares
  • Accessible dispute resolution at Regional Board level; five year independent review of polycentric outcomes in 2032
  • Oppose all unfair trade agreements (including Mercosur) that undercut European farmers by allowing imports produced under lower environmental and labour standards (cross link Pillar 1, Pillar 8)

Within the existing EUR 13.4 billion CAP envelope (no new envelope required); approximately EUR 5 million per year for Regional Board operational costs across all thirteen Regions. Builds rural constituency for democratic reform at the largest single EU envelope flowing into the Greek state.

Envelopes B and C. Existing CAP technical assistance under Regulation (EU) 2021/2116 plus Greek RRP component.

Recall and Civic Platform Procedural accountability and digital infrastructure

Municipal Recall Mechanism

Statutory amendment to Law 4555/2018 (Kleisthenis I) introducing a Municipal Recall Mechanism: any Mayor or municipal councillor may be subject to recall by petition of fifteen per cent of the registered electorate within twelve months, triggering a confirmatory vote. Greek municipal mayors and councillors are elected for five year terms and are not subject to recall during the term, except through criminal proceedings or formal misconduct procedures. There is no procedural channel for the electorate to remove an underperforming or unresponsive elected official before the next ordinary election. Comparable mechanisms operate in California, British Columbia, several Swiss cantons and several German Laender.

  • Statutory amendment to Law 4555/2018 in the 2027 to 2031 parliamentary term
  • Recall available after twelve months in office and not within twelve months of an ordinary election
  • Recall petition requires fifteen per cent of the registered electorate signed within ninety days
  • On threshold, confirmatory vote within sixty days, with the question 'should the Mayor or councillor remain in office?'
  • On majority No on a turnout above forty per cent of the registered electorate, the Mayor or councillor is removed; replacement procedure follows the next ranked candidate from the original election ballot
  • Twelve month cooling off period between successive recall attempts against the same Mayor or councillor on the same substantive grounds, on the Proposal 12 cooling off template for citizens' initiatives
  • Signature verification, turnout validation and complaint handling audited by the Hellenic Ombudsman on Constitution Article 103(9); annual report published on Diavgeia
  • Recall precedes the reforms it polices: the Permanent Citizens' Assembly (Proposal 2), the Civic Platform (Proposal 8) and the Cross Border Thrace Assembly (Proposal 9) operate under elected officials subject to recall, not under officials insulated from it

Approximately EUR 200,000 per recall vote, on average less than three per electoral cycle. Operationalises the Bookchin doctrine of mandated recallable delegation in modern parliamentary form, and supplies the discipline that polices the deliberative institutions in Proposals 2, 8 and 9.

Envelopes A and D. Municipal budget concerned plus Ministry of Interior reserve line plus Hellenic Parliament budget for statutory work.

Alexandroupolis Civic Platform

Establish an Alexandroupolis Civic Platform comprising an eDiaLogos style online policy consultation and local referendum platform, plus a Demosthenes style complaints system, plus a digital interface to the Permanent Citizens' Assembly, built and operated by a municipally owned ICT company on the eTrikala SA template, with technical agreement and source code transfer from eTrikala SA. Trikala in Thessaly, with a municipal population of 78,608 at the 2021 census, operates eDiaLogos and Demosthenes (the complaints system has handled approximately 4,000 requests with resolution time reduced from months to days). Trikala has been shortlisted among the top 21 smart cities globally. Population and scale are closely comparable to Alexandroupolis (population approximately 72,000).

  • Alexandroupolis Municipal Council resolution establishing Alexandroupolis Digital Services SA on the eTrikala SA template
  • Three modules in Year 1: online consultation, local referendum, complaints system
  • Integration with the Permanent Citizens' Assembly as the digital input channel
  • Source code opened under an open source licence
  • Technical agreement with eTrikala SA for source code, technical know how and joint development
  • Interfaces with the Greek government interoperability platform Digital Citizen and the EU Single Digital Gateway

Approximately EUR 600,000 set up plus EUR 350,000 per year operational. On the eTrikala SA benchmark, reduces administrative cost per complaint by approximately 60 per cent, estimated value EUR 800,000 per year for Alexandroupolis.

Envelopes A and C. Greek RRP digital transformation component plus EU Digital Europe Programme plus ESPA digital strand plus municipal budget.

Cross-Border and Annual Convening Thrace as deliberative hub

Cross border Thrace Citizens' Assembly

Convene an annual Cross Border Thrace Citizens' Assembly drawing approximately seventy five randomly selected citizens, twenty five from the Greek Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Region, twenty five from the Bulgarian Kardzhali and Haskovo provinces, and twenty five from the Türkiye Edirne province, deliberating on shared themes of environment, culture, youth, economic cooperation and infrastructure. The Thrace cross border region is geographically and historically unified but institutionally fragmented across three states; Interreg VI-A Greece Bulgaria and Greece Türkiye programmes provide institutional scaffolding. Sequenced after the Pillar 8 Common Security Initiative with Türkiye reaches a positive procedural stage.

  • Tri party memorandum of understanding between Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Regional Authority, Kardzhali and Haskovo provincial authorities, and Edirne provincial authority
  • If the Türkiye Edirne memorandum is not signed within twenty four months of the Pillar 8 Common Security Initiative opening, the Assembly convenes as a bilateral Greek Bulgarian body under the Council of Europe Madrid Outline Convention 1980 and Greek Constitution Article 28, on the Greek Bulgarian Interreg VI-A envelope alone, with an open standing invitation to Edirne province renewable annually
  • Annual convening in Alexandroupolis (rotating to Edirne and Kardzhali in alternate years)
  • Three weekends per year on a single annual theme remitted by the partner regional and provincial authorities
  • Non binding but procedurally weighted recommendations transmitted to all three regional authorities
  • Technical secretariat hosted at Democritus University of Thrace

Approximately EUR 300,000 per year. Operationalises the Bookchin confederal framework across borders. Anchors Pillar 9 in the regional vocation of Alexandroupolis as a cross border deliberative hub.

Envelopes E and G. Interreg VI-A Greece Bulgaria plus EU Neighbourhood Investment Platform plus CERV-2026 plus Council of Europe partnership.

Annual Greek Conference on European Democracy

Establish an Annual Greek Conference on European Democracy, anchored in Alexandroupolis, three day annual event, drawing scholars, practitioners, MEPs, mayors, civil society and citizens' panel veterans from across the EU and accession states, on rotating themes (sortition, polycentric governance, ECI reform, Spitzenkandidat process, transnational lists, Article 48 TEU revision). Greek academic and policy capacity on European democratic reform is dispersed across Athens, Thessaloniki, Patras and Crete, with no annual convening at scale.

  • Anchored at Democritus University of Thrace
  • Convened annually in Alexandroupolis, three days, late April or early May (anniversary of the Conference on the Future of Europe final outcome on 9 May 2022)
  • Plenary sessions, working groups, citizens' panel veteran fora and youth dialogue
  • Annual proceedings published on Diavgeia
  • Feeds into the Permanent Citizens' Assembly Alexandroupolis annual theme selection

Approximately EUR 250,000 per year. Builds the regional academic infrastructure for European democracy reform.

Envelopes C, G and H. HORIZON-CL2 plus CERV-2026 plus Greek RRP higher education sub measure plus the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation plus conference fees.

Communalism and Constitution Aisymi pilot and Article 51 amendment

Communalist Confederation Village Cluster Pilot

The first cluster pilot would be in the Aisymi cluster of villages in the Evros mountains, selected for the severity of mountainous depopulation and the geographic conditions that make a face to face confederal model testable. The model is designed for replication in any Greek mountain or island village cluster facing similar depopulation pressures. The pilot comprises face to face neighbourhood and village assemblies, confederating upward through mandated recallable delegates to a Confederal Council, on the Bookchin libertarian municipalism template. The Aisymi cluster (Aisymi village and approximately three to five neighbouring villages, total population approximately 1,500) lacks both standing assembly institutions and contemporary connection to broader municipal and regional governance. The depopulation of mountainous Evros over the past three decades is severe.

  • Quarterly face to face neighbourhood assemblies in each constituent village
  • Each village elects two mandated recallable delegates to an Aisymi Confederal Council, sitting bimonthly
  • Confederal Council deliberates on shared matters (water, road maintenance, agricultural common pool, cultural events, youth retention) and sends one delegate to the Alexandroupolis Permanent Citizens' Assembly
  • Documented and evaluated through Democritus University of Thrace political science research
  • Paired with Pillar 1 (food sovereignty), Pillar 2 (community energy) and Pillar 3 (local economy) initiatives anchored in Aisymi

Approximately EUR 75,000 per year. Operational test bed for libertarian municipalism in Greece. Anchors Pillar 9 in AURIO home territory.

Envelopes G and I. CERV-2026 plus ESF+ plus Council of Europe European Local Democracy Week plus AURIO own resources.

Constitutional amendment to Article 51 lowering the citizens' initiative threshold

Long term constitutional amendment to Article 51 of the Hellenic Constitution and statutory amendment to Law 4023/2011, lowering the citizens' initiative referendum threshold from approximately one tenth of the electorate (around 950,000 signatures) to approximately one fortieth of the electorate (around 250,000 signatures). The current threshold has never been crossed in Greek history. Comparable thresholds in EU Member States range from one fortieth (Italy, with 500,000 signatures on a base of approximately 50 million) to one twentieth. The Greek threshold is structurally prohibitive and has rendered the citizens' initiative inoperative.

  • Identification for revision in the 2027 to 2031 parliamentary term under Article 110 of the Constitution
  • Adoption in the 2031 to 2035 parliamentary term by qualified majority
  • Statutory amendment to Law 4023/2011 introduced and adopted in the 2027 to 2031 term, ahead of the constitutional amendment
  • Cooling off period of six months between successive citizens' initiative attempts on the same question
  • Digital signature collection through the Greek government interoperability platform Digital Citizen
  • Signature verification through AADE register interoperability with the Ministry of Interior under Law 4727/2020 on digital government, with the Hellenic Data Protection Authority on Law 4624/2019 and the Hellenic Ombudsman on Constitution Article 103(9) as procedural guarantors
  • Existing topic restrictions retained (no fiscal questions)

Negligible cost. Long term constitutional consolidation of the Pillar 9 Greek national track. Operationalises Article 1 popular sovereignty in modern signature collection form.

Envelope D. Hellenic Parliament budget plus Ministry of Interior digital signature line.

The Money

Where the money comes from.

€33.7M / 5 yr Five year deployment 2026–2030
€800k / yr Civic Platform admin saving (eTrikala benchmark, Proposal 8)
€13.4bn Greek CAP envelope under polycentric co management (Proposal 6)

Pillar 9 totals approximately EUR 6.73 million per year at steady state (approximately EUR 33.7 million across 2026 to 2030), plus the CAP polycentric co management programme (Proposal 6) operating within the existing EUR 13.4 billion Greek CAP envelope at zero net cost. The Civic Platform (Proposal 8) on the eTrikala SA benchmark generates approximately EUR 800,000 per year of administrative cost reduction for Alexandroupolis. The CAP polycentric co management on Ostrom's design principle benchmark generates an estimated 5 per cent productivity gain on the Greek CAP envelope, approximately EUR 130 million per year (illustrative; final benchmark to be evaluated through Democritus University of Thrace by 2032). Pillar 9 is fiscally net positive over the five year horizon by an order of magnitude.

The funding is drawn from eight public envelopes (A to H) already committed to Greece or available to Greek applicants, plus one pillar specific envelope (I) carried by AURIO itself. Alexandroupolis Municipality's annual budget of approximately EUR 95 million, the Hellenic Parliament budget of approximately EUR 240 million and the existing Greek CAP envelope carry the national share. Greek RRP (EUR 36 billion total, EUR 2.2 billion on digital transformation), HORIZON Europe (EUR 95.5 billion 2021 to 2027), CERV-2026 (EUR 1.55 billion total), Interreg VI-A Greece Bulgaria (EUR 84.5 million) and ESF+ (Greek allocation EUR 5.3 billion) carry the EU share. Envelope I carries the AURIO Democratic Charter and the Article 48 TEU campaign internal contribution.

Who Applies

How to reach the envelopes below.

  1. Alexandroupolis Municipality

    A

    Lead beneficiary for the Permanent Citizens' Assembly (Proposal 2), the Municipal Recall Mechanism implementation (Proposal 7), the Civic Platform (Proposal 8), and the host role for the Cross Border Thrace Assembly (Proposal 9) and the Annual Greek Conference (Proposal 10). Annual EUR 95 million Municipality budget plus the AURIO 2028 mayoral mandate as decision vehicle.

  2. Greek Ministry of Rural Development and Regional Authorities

    B

    Lead beneficiaries for CAP polycentric co management (Proposal 6), with thirteen Regional CAP Co Management Boards across Greek Regions. Existing EUR 13.4 billion CAP envelope plus CAP technical assistance under Regulation (EU) 2021/2116.

  3. Democritus University of Thrace

    CH

    Lead academic anchor for the Annual Greek Conference (Proposal 10), the Aisymi Communalist Confederation pilot evaluation (Proposal 11), and the Civic Platform technical partnership (Proposal 8). HORIZON-CL2, Greek RRP higher education sub measure, plus the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation.

  4. Hellenic Parliament

    D

    Lead beneficiary for the Municipal Recall statutory amendment (Proposal 7) and the Constitutional amendment to Article 51 (Proposal 12). Hellenic Parliament budget plus Ministry of Interior reserve line.

  5. Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Regional Authority and Bulgarian / Türkish counterparts

    E

    Lead beneficiaries for the Cross Border Thrace Citizens' Assembly (Proposal 9). Tri party memorandum of understanding plus Interreg VI-A Greece Bulgaria envelope plus EU Neighbourhood Investment Platform.

  6. AURIO MEPs and European NGO coalitions

    G

    Lead beneficiaries for the Article 48 TEU Convention campaign (Proposal 3), the ECI on codecision rights (Proposal 4), the Spitzenkandidat reform proposal (Proposal 5), and partial support for the Annual Greek Conference (Proposal 10). CERV-2026 plus European Greens plus Open Society Foundations Europe plus AURIO own resources.

  7. AURIO parliamentary group and AURIO internal

    I

    AURIO Democratic Charter (Proposal 1), AURIO contribution to the Article 48 TEU campaign (Proposal 3), and AURIO own resource contribution to the Aisymi Communalist Confederation pilot (Proposal 11). AURIO internal budget; Envelope I is pillar specific because Pillar 9 is the only pillar that requires AURIO itself to bind to a sortition discipline before any law mandates it.

Steady state envelope, by proposal

Annual cost at full roll out, in € millions. Envelope letters link to the funding sources below.

Canonical proposal order, Pillar 9, as used throughout this page: 01 AURIO Democratic Charter; 02 Municipal Permanent Citizens' Assembly; 03 Greek national campaign for Article 48 TEU Treaty Convention; 04 European Citizens' Initiative on codecision rights for citizens' panels; 05 Spitzenkandidat reform proposal; 06 CAP polycentric co management; 07 Municipal Recall Mechanism; 08 Alexandroupolis Civic Platform; 09 Cross Border Thrace Citizens' Assembly; 10 Annual Greek Conference on European Democracy; 11 Communalist Confederation Village Cluster Pilot; 12 Constitutional amendment to Article 51 lowering the citizens' initiative threshold. Every reference in prose, tables and the funding map uses this order. Years one and two carry CERV-2026, ESF+, Greek RRP, Interreg and HORIZON bridge financing. From year three, Alexandroupolis Municipality, the Hellenic Parliament and the existing CAP envelope carry the steady state. The CAP polycentric co management (Proposal 6) operates within the existing EUR 13.4 billion Greek CAP envelope at zero net cost.

Alexandroupolis Municipality budget

Annual allocation approximately €95 million. Pillar 9 municipal share approximately €3.2 million across the five year horizon, net of RRP, CERV-2026 and ESF+ bridge financing in years one and two

  • Municipal budget carries the Permanent Citizens' Assembly Secretariat, member stipends, expert panels and facilitation.
  • Operates with EU bridge financing under Envelopes F, G and H during years one and two.
Legal base
Greek national budget. Law 3852/2010 (Kallikratis) Article 76. Law 4555/2018 (Kleisthenis I)
Proposals funded
Permanent Citizens' Assembly (Proposal 2), Municipal Recall Mechanism implementation (Proposal 7), Civic Platform municipal share (Proposal 8), host costs for Annual Greek Conference (Proposal 10) and Cross Border Thrace Assembly (Proposal 9)
Who applies
Alexandroupolis Municipality through Municipal Council resolution. AURIO 2028 mayoral mandate as the decision vehicle
Window
Annual Greek municipal budget cycle

Existing Greek CAP envelope under Regulation (EU) 2021/2115

Greek CAP envelope 2023 to 2027: €13.4 billion total (€9.6 billion direct payments, €1 billion investment support, plus rural development pillar). Pillar 9 share approximately €15 million on polycentric co management within existing envelope

  • Reform operates within existing CAP envelope at zero net cost.
  • Approximately EUR 5 million per year for Regional Board operational costs across all thirteen Regions, drawn from CAP technical assistance plus Greek RRP component.
Legal base
EU Common Agricultural Policy Strategic Plans Regulation (EU) 2021/2115; EU Regulation 2021/2116 on financing; Greek Ministry of Rural Development administrative framework; Law 4926/2022 on agricultural cooperatives
Proposals funded
CAP polycentric co management (Proposal 6)
Who applies
Greek Ministry of Rural Development as national managing authority. Regional Authorities as Regional CAP Co Management Boards. Farmer associations PASEGES and GESASE plus Agricultural University of Athens and Aristotle University Thessaloniki Faculty of Agriculture
Window
CAP Strategic Plan amendment cycle plus 2028 to 2032 programming period

Greek Recovery and Resilience Plan, digital transformation and higher education components

Total Greek RRP allocation €36 billion, of which approximately €2.2 billion on digital transformation. Pillar 9 share approximately €2 million

  • RRP carries the operational set up of the Civic Platform and the digital infrastructure for the Permanent Citizens' Assembly.
  • Higher education sub measure carries the Annual Greek Conference.
Legal base
Regulation (EU) 2021/241; Greek Law 4727/2020 on digital government; Greek Law 4485/2017 on higher education
Proposals funded
Civic Platform set up and infrastructure (Proposal 8), Annual Greek Conference higher education component (Proposal 10), CAP polycentric co management technical assistance share (Proposal 6)
Who applies
Alexandroupolis Digital Services SA on the eTrikala SA template. Democritus University of Thrace. Greek Ministry of Rural Development for the CAP technical share
Window
RRP spending deadline under active negotiation with the Commission

Hellenic Parliament budget plus Ministry of Interior reserve line

Hellenic Parliament annual allocation approximately €240 million. Pillar 9 share approximately €250,000 across the five year horizon

  • Hellenic Parliament budget carries the statutory amendment work for the Municipal Recall Mechanism and the constitutional amendment identification under Article 110.
  • Approximately EUR 200,000 per recall vote, on average less than three per electoral cycle, funded from the municipal budget concerned plus the Ministry of Interior reserve line.
Legal base
Greek national budget. Hellenic Constitution Article 102 (local government), Article 51 (electoral framework), Article 110 (constitutional amendment); Law 4555/2018 (Kleisthenis I); Law 4023/2011 (referenda procedure)
Proposals funded
Municipal Recall Mechanism statutory work (Proposal 7); Constitutional amendment to Article 51 identification (Proposal 12)
Who applies
Hellenic Parliament. Ministry of Interior for register verification and digital signature line. AURIO parliamentary group sponsors the bills from 2027
Window
Annual Greek public budget cycle

Interreg VI-A Greece Bulgaria 2021 to 2027 plus EU Neighbourhood Investment Platform

Programme envelope €84.5 million. Pillar 9 share approximately €600,000 across the Cross Border Thrace Citizens' Assembly

  • Programme covers Greek Bulgarian transfrontier cooperation.
  • The Türkiye Edirne component is added through bilateral memorandum of understanding under the Madrid Outline Convention 1980.
Legal base
Regulation (EU) 2021/1058 (Cohesion Policy); Council of Europe Madrid Outline Convention 1980 on transfrontier cooperation; Greek Constitution Article 28 (international law primacy)
Proposals funded
Cross border Thrace Citizens' Assembly (Proposal 9)
Who applies
Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Regional Authority. Bulgarian Kardzhali and Haskovo provincial authorities. Türkiye Edirne provincial authority. Democritus University of Thrace as technical secretariat
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Interreg VI-A annual calls through 2027

European Social Fund Plus, Greek allocation

€5.3 billion Greek total 2021 to 2027. Pillar 9 share approximately €500,000 across the Permanent Citizens' Assembly capacity building strand

  • ESF+ supports the capacity building, training and inclusion strands of the Permanent Citizens' Assembly and the Aisymi pilot.
Legal base
Regulation (EU) 2021/1057
Proposals funded
Permanent Citizens' Assembly capacity building component (Proposal 2); Aisymi Communalist Confederation pilot training and capacity (Proposal 11)
Who applies
Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs as national managing authority. Alexandroupolis Municipality as eligible beneficiary
Window
ESF+ annual calls through 2027

Citizens, Equality, Rights and Values Programme (CERV-2026) plus European Greens plus Open Society Foundations Europe

CERV-2026 EU total programme €1.55 billion 2021 to 2027. Pillar 9 share approximately €2.5 million plus an additional approximately €1 million from European Greens and Open Society Foundations Europe

  • CERV-2026 supports rights and dignity, civil society participation, and cross border cooperation.
  • European Greens and Open Society Foundations Europe co finance the Article 48 TEU campaign and the ECI on codecision rights.
Legal base
Regulation (EU) 2021/692 (CERV); Article 11(4) TEU (ECI); Article 48 TEU (Treaty revision)
Proposals funded
Permanent Citizens' Assembly civil society component (Proposal 2); Article 48 TEU campaign (Proposal 3); ECI on codecision rights (Proposal 4); Spitzenkandidat reform proposal (Proposal 5); Cross Border Thrace Assembly civil society component (Proposal 9); Annual Greek Conference (Proposal 10); Aisymi Communalist Confederation pilot (Proposal 11)
Who applies
Civil society organisations and universities, often with municipal co applicants. Bodossaki PLATO intermediary for Greek civil society access. AURIO MEPs in cross group cooperation
Window
Annual CERV calls. PLATO cycle: next Bodossaki call expected 2026

HORIZON Europe 2021 to 2027 (HORIZON-CL2 culture and society)

EU total allocation €95.5 billion. Pillar 9 share approximately €1.5 million

  • 100 per cent EU funding model.
  • HORIZON-CL2 covers culture and society, including democratic governance and deliberative democracy research.
Legal base
Regulation (EU) 2021/695
Proposals funded
Annual Greek Conference research and convening component (Proposal 10); Permanent Citizens' Assembly evaluation research (Proposal 2)
Who applies
Democritus University of Thrace as lead beneficiary. National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and Aristotle University of Thessaloniki as partners
Window
HORIZON-CL2 calls ongoing through 2027

AURIO internal budget plus civil society partners (Pillar 9 specific envelope)

Approximately €8,000 per electoral cycle for the Democratic Charter. AURIO contribution to the Article 48 TEU campaign and the Aisymi pilot approximately €30,000 to €75,000 per year

  • Envelope I is pillar specific.
  • The standard funding map across AURIO pillars runs A to H on public envelopes.
  • Pillar 9 adds I because European democracy is the only pillar (alongside Pillar 8) that requires AURIO itself to bind to a discipline (sortition mini publics, mandated recallable delegation, internal recall) before any state institution acts.
  • The party that proposes mandated recallable delegation applies that test to its own internal organisation; the party that proposes citizens' assemblies subjects its own positions to a Sortition Council; the party that proposes recall accepts recall of its own elected officials.
Legal base
AURIO Statute under Articles 78 to 107 of the Greek Civil Code. Law 4023/2011 on political parties
Proposals funded
AURIO Democratic Charter (Proposal 1); AURIO contribution to the Article 48 TEU Convention campaign (Proposal 3); AURIO own resource contribution to the Aisymi Communalist Confederation pilot (Proposal 11)
Who applies
AURIO Executive Committee through the Democracy Officer. Greek civil society partners on the Aisymi pilot
Window
Continuous
What Changes For You

The payoff is local, measurable, and soon.

  1. Your vote for the European Parliament actually matters.

    AURIO campaigns for a Treaty Convention under Article 48 TEU to grant the European Parliament direct legislative initiative. The Conference on the Future of Europe asked for it; the November 2023 Verhofstadt Riba Maillard report adopted 267 amendments on Treaty change. AURIO turns the political will into a Greek government instruction at the European Council.

  2. Your municipality has a Permanent Citizens' Assembly.

    Fifty randomly selected Alexandroupolis residents deliberate on two themes per year. 60 per cent of the Assembly triggers Municipal Council duty of response within three months. 80 per cent triggers binding outcome unless overturned by two thirds Council vote with public reasoning. The Ostbelgien (2019) and Gdansk (2016 to 2017) precedents in Greek form.

  3. Your village runs its own confederation.

    The Aisymi Communalist Confederation pilot operates face to face neighbourhood and village assemblies, confederating upward through mandated recallable delegates to a Confederal Council, which sends one delegate to the Alexandroupolis Permanent Citizens' Assembly. Bookchin's libertarian municipalism in Greek mountain form.

  4. EU agricultural funds reach your farm, not just industrial operations.

    CAP polycentric co management applies Ostrom's eight design principles to the EUR 13.4 billion Greek CAP envelope. Regional CAP Co Management Boards in each Greek Region give farmer associations, municipalities, scientists and consumers equal standing. Cap on direct payments per recipient. Minimum percentage of CAP funds allocated to farms under 10 hectares.

Go Deeper

The research behind the policy.

Where it has worked.

Aisymi, Alexandroupolis and Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Evros

From 2026

The founding regional case.

Aisymi is the founding village of AURIO. The Aisymi cluster (Aisymi village and approximately three to five neighbouring villages in the Evros mountains, total population approximately 1,500) is the natural pilot site for a Communalist Confederation (Proposal 11) on the Bookchin libertarian municipalism template. Population of the Evros regional unit is approximately 137,000 (2021 census); population of the Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Region approximately 562,000; Region GDP per capita approximately 60 per cent of the Greek average.

Pillar 9 anchors five proposals here. The Aisymi Communalist Confederation pilot (Proposal 11) operationalises libertarian municipalism. The Permanent Citizens' Assembly in Alexandroupolis (Proposal 2) anchors the AURIO 2028 mayoral campaign. The Alexandroupolis Civic Platform (Proposal 8) brings the eTrikala SA model to Eastern Macedonia and Thrace. The Cross Border Thrace Citizens' Assembly (Proposal 9) connects Greek, Bulgarian and Türkish residents. The Annual Greek Conference on European Democracy (Proposal 10) anchors academic and policy convening on European democratic reform in the AURIO home region.

Dublin, Ireland

2016 to 2018

A randomly selected mini public produced a binding constitutional outcome on a deeply contested moral question.

Established by Resolution of the Houses of the Oireachtas of 13 July 2016, the Citizens' Assembly was chaired by Justice Mary Laffoy, comprising 99 randomly selected citizens drawn by Red C polling firm to be representative on age, gender, region and social class. Five weekends from November 2016 to April 2017 were dedicated to the Eighth Amendment of the Constitution (the constitutional ban on abortion). Of 91 members present at Ballot 1 on 22 April 2017, 79 voted that Article 40.3.3° should not be retained in full and 12 voted to retain it.

Subsequent ballots recommended replacement with a provision granting the Oireachtas power to legislate, with 64 per cent supporting termination without restriction up to twelve weeks. The Oireachtas Joint Committee adopted most recommendations. The referendum of 25 May 2018 returned 66.4 per cent Yes on a turnout of 64.13 per cent. The Health (Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy) Act 2018 was enacted on 20 December 2018. The Irish case is the paradigm modern instance of a Sintomer style sortition mini public producing a binding constitutional outcome.

Paris, France

2019 to 2020

150 randomly selected citizens produced 149 climate proposals; partial implementation showed the gap between deliberation and binding executive duty.

Following the gilets jaunes uprising of late 2018, President Emmanuel Macron convened 150 randomly selected citizens drawn from the French voter rolls. The mandate was to determine how France could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 40 per cent on 1990 levels by 2030 in a spirit of social justice. Seven sessions ran from October 2019 to June 2020. The Convention organised into working groups on housing, work and produce, transport, food and consumption, with expert panels on each.

149 proposals were adopted, with most receiving support above 95 per cent of members. Macron initially committed to passing 146 of the 149 to Parliament, the public or referendum. The 460 page final report was adopted on 21 June 2020. Implementation through the Climate and Resilience Law of August 2021 was partial; in 2021 citizens rated the implementation 3.3 out of 10. The case demonstrates both the technical capacity of randomly selected citizens to produce credible policy and the implementation gap that arises when the executive is not procedurally bound to act on the output. AURIO Pillar 9 closes that gap with the 60 per cent and 80 per cent decision rules in Proposal 2.

Brussels and Strasbourg, European Union

2021 to 2022

The largest deliberative experiment in EU history produced 49 proposals; the Council has not opened the Treaty Convention.

The Conference on the Future of Europe was a joint Parliament Council Commission initiative running from 9 May 2021 to 9 May 2022. Four European Citizens' Panels of approximately 200 randomly selected citizens each, four sessions per panel, plus national panels and a multilingual digital platform with approximately five million unique visitors, produced a final 49 proposals and 326 implementing measures, adopted on 9 May 2022.

Proposal 38 action 4 and Proposal 39 action 4 both called for the European Parliament to be granted a direct right of legislative initiative. Proposal 39 action 7 called for the abolition of unanimity in the Council. The European Council has not opened the Article 48 TEU revision procedure. Parliament passed the November 2023 Verhofstadt Riba Maillard report adopting 267 amendments on Treaty change. The Conference is the Sintomer scale up case at supranational level: technically successful, politically blocked at the unanimity stage. AURIO Pillar 9 Proposal 3 mobilises Greek government and parliamentary pressure to reopen the Convention.

Eupen, Belgium (Ostbelgien)

Since 2019

The world's first permanent sortition body integrated into a regional parliament.

The Parliament of the German speaking Community of Belgium (Ostbelgien, population approximately 77,000) unanimously adopted a decree on 25 February 2019 establishing the world's first permanent sortition body integrated into a regional parliament. The institutional design has two layers. A 24 person Buergerrat (Citizens' Council) sits on an 18 month rotation, randomly drawn from a pool of one thousand residents invited by lot. The Council sets the agenda by selecting two themes per year, then commissions ad hoc Buergerversammlungen (Citizens' Assemblies) of approximately fifty randomly selected citizens to deliberate over three weekends on each theme.

The Government and Parliament must respond formally to Assembly recommendations within a defined period. The Ostbelgien design is the closest contemporary template for the AURIO Permanent Citizens' Assembly in Alexandroupolis (Proposal 2): population scale comparable, two layer Council plus Assembly architecture, formal duty of response, independent Secretariat.

Brussels, Belgium

Since 2019

Legislators and citizens deliberate jointly within the same institutional procedure.

On 13 December 2019 the Brussels Parliament adopted by 60 to 25 vote a constitutional revision establishing standing deliberative committees, each composed of fifteen parliamentarians and forty five randomly selected citizens deliberating jointly on a single theme. A 1000 citizen petition can propose a theme. Recommendations are transmitted to the Government with a formal duty of response.

First themes addressed included 5G rollout (2020), homelessness (2021) and biodiversity (2022). The Brussels case demonstrates that legislators and citizens can deliberate jointly within the same institutional procedure, defusing the threat frame that sortition undermines parliamentary sovereignty.

Gdansk, Poland

2016 to 2017

An 80 per cent threshold made citizens' assembly recommendations binding on the city administration.

Mayor Pawel Adamowicz of Gdansk (population 470,000) convened a sequence of four Citizens' Assemblies between 2016 and 2017 on flood mitigation, air pollution, civic engagement and treatment of LGBT residents. Each Assembly comprised approximately fifty six to sixty randomly selected residents stratified by age, gender, education and district. The decision rule was distinctive: any recommendation supported by 80 per cent or more of Assembly members became binding on the city administration.

Outcomes included a citywide flood prevention investment plan, an air pollution action plan, and a civic engagement framework. Mayor Adamowicz was assassinated in January 2019 in an unrelated stabbing; the Assemblies were continued by his successor on a less institutionalised basis. AURIO Pillar 9 Proposal 2 adopts the Gdansk 80 per cent decision rule.

Reykjavik, Iceland

2010 to 2013

The largest scale modern attempt at a constitution drafted under sortition and crowdsourcing.

In the wake of the 2008 banking collapse and the subsequent Pots and Pans Revolution, the Icelandic Althingi enacted Act No. 90/2010 on a Constitutional Assembly. A National Forum (Thjodfundur) of 950 randomly selected citizens met on 6 November 2010 and defined nine principles for a new constitution. A Constitutional Council (Stjornlagarad) of 25 citizens was originally elected from 522 candidates, then appointed by the Althingi after the election was annulled on procedural grounds. Drafting was conducted in public, livestreamed, with crowdsourced commentary via Facebook and a dedicated website: approximately 39,000 visits and 1,092 logged participant contributions.

The draft was submitted on 29 July 2011. An advisory referendum on 20 October 2012 returned approximately two thirds Yes (around 67 per cent on the principal question) on whether the draft should be the basis of a new constitution. The Althingi ultimately did not enact, and the constitutional process effectively suspended after the 2013 election. Iceland is the largest scale modern attempt at a constitution drafted under sortition and crowdsourcing, and the documented case of executive non implementation as the binding constraint.

Trikala, Greece

Since 2008

Greece's first official smart city, with a municipally owned ICT company running eDiaLogos and Demosthenes.

Trikala in Thessaly, with a municipal population of 78,608 at the 2021 census (city proper 62,064), is Greece's first official smart city and operates two municipally owned digital platforms. eDiaLogos is an online policy consultation and local referendum platform; the Demosthenes complaints system has handled approximately 4,000 requests with resolution time reduced from months to days. Both platforms are built and operated by eTrikala SA, a municipally owned ICT company established on 8 April 2008.

Trikala has been shortlisted among the top 21 smart cities globally. Population and scale are closely comparable to Alexandroupolis (population approximately 72,000). The Trikala precedent is the most directly transferable Greek proof of concept for the AURIO Civic Platform (Proposal 8) and the digital interface to the Permanent Citizens' Assembly (Proposal 2). Source code transfer and joint development under technical agreement with eTrikala SA.

The deeper argument.

The method's first proposed Greek site would be the Aisymi cluster of villages in the Evros mountains (approximately 700 residents), under the Communalist Confederation Village Cluster Pilot proposal. At European scale, Aisymi functions as a reference, not as a delivery venue. The delivery venues are the European Parliament, the national parliaments, and the transnational sortition mechanisms. The first Greek participation in the European Citizens' Panel under Regulation (EU) 2019/788 as revised is organised from a mixed pool of six cities: Athens, Thessaloniki, Heraklion, Ioannina, Alexandroupolis and Mytilene, with proportional representation by ELSTAT 2024. Reference points the Spanish Consulta Popular framework under Ley Orgánica 2 of 1980 and the Spanish Iniciativa Legislativa Popular under Ley Orgánica 3 of 1984, plus the Irish Citizens' Assembly 2016 to 2023 staged scale model. Pillar 9 reads sortition through a national panel pool, not through a single mountain village.

This pillar reads alongside Pillar 4 (Direct Democracy). The route is explicit: municipal sortition (Pillar 4) to national thematic assembly to European Citizens' Initiative and European Citizens' Panel. Sortition selected residents move between levels through a public register on Diavgeia under Law 3861 of 2010. Funding for the three levels is unified in Envelope G (CERV) with supplement from Envelope I (Horizon Europe Cluster 2, Democracy and Governance). Reference point the Belgian Ostbelgien Bürgerdialog (2019) as the permanent assembly model that feeds into EU level dialogue.

The European Union governs approximately 449 million people through a legislative architecture that is, on its own terms, an inversion of democracy. Article 17(2) of the Treaty on European Union assigns the European Commission a monopoly on legislative initiative: only the Commission can formally propose Union legislative acts. The European Parliament, the only Union institution directly elected by the people of the Union under Article 14 TEU, cannot. Under Article 225 TFEU, the Parliament can request the Commission to submit a proposal. This is an indirect, advisory power. During the entire 2019 to 2024 parliamentary term, Parliament submitted approximately 25 such resolutions. On 6 June 2022 the Parliament passed a resolution explicitly demanding a direct right of legislative initiative; this requires Treaty revision under Article 48 TEU and unanimous ratification by all twenty seven governments.

The cost of this design is not abstract. The Strasbourg seat of the Parliament, maintained in parallel with Brussels under Protocol 6 to the Treaties, costs an estimated €103 million per year in excess expenditure for the twelve plenary sessions, a figure acknowledged in successive European Parliament internal studies (the European Court of Auditors estimates EUR 113.8 million). MEPs spend one week each month packing boxes and flying between cities to satisfy a treaty obligation that no democratic logic justifies. Voters elect representatives who cannot initiate laws and must commute between capitals.

Between 2021 and 2022 the European Union ran the largest deliberative experiment in its history, the Conference on the Future of Europe. Four citizens' panels of approximately 200 randomly selected citizens each, plus national panels and a multilingual digital platform, generated a final report of 49 proposals containing 326 specific implementing measures, adopted on 9 May 2022. Proposal 38, action 4, and Proposal 39, action 4, both called for the European Parliament to be granted a direct right of legislative initiative. Most of these proposals require Treaty revision and have not been opened. The diagnosis is not technical incapacity. The diagnosis is political will among governments unwilling to transfer power.

The Greek national level mirrors the European level. Greece sits at score 50 out of 100 on the Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index 2025, the sixth lowest in the European Union. The fakelaki, the informal cash envelope paid to secure medical care, building permits, university admissions or other public services, is the everyday symptom of a state that has not successfully intermediated between citizens and institutions. The Hellenic Constitution, drafted in 1975 in the wake of the Metapolitefsi, places sovereignty on the people in Article 1(2) and on the body of citizens in Article 1(3), but the institutional translation of that sovereignty into deliberative practice is thin. Law 4023/2011 sets the threshold for a citizens' initiative referendum at approximately one tenth of the electorate, around 950,000 signatures, a structural barrier that has never been crossed.

Ostrom names the diagnostic. Durable governance of shared resources is neither inherently impossible (as Hardin claimed in 1968) nor reducible to private property and state regulation. It is institutionally specific, empirically detectable, and reproducible. Eight design principles common to durable commons governance: clearly defined boundaries; rules adapted to local conditions; collective choice arrangements that allow users to change the rules; monitors drawn from or accountable to the community; graduated sanctions; accessible dispute resolution mechanisms; minimal recognition by external authorities of the right to organise; and, for larger commons, nested polycentric institutions. The European Union, by Ostrom criteria, fails most of the design principles. The system is hierarchical, not polycentric. The mismatch is precise.

Bookchin names the operational form. Citizens self govern through face to face popular assemblies at the neighbourhood and town level; assemblies confederate upward by sending mandated recallable delegates rather than representatives. The delegate is the messenger of the assembly; the representative is the agent of the constituency. The two are categorically distinct. The Democratic Federation of Northern and Eastern Syria (Rojava), governing approximately four million people since 2012, applies a multi level confederal system explicitly drawn from Bookchin. The Cooperation Jackson project in Mississippi, the Symbiosis Federation in North America, the Fearless Cities municipalist network founded by Barcelona en Comu in 2017, and the Aisymi Communalist Confederation pilot proposed here are further applications.

Sintomer names the methodological bridge. Sortition resolves the scaling problem of direct democracy. Direct face to face assemblies of all citizens are workable up to a population of perhaps fifty to one hundred thousand (the historical Athenian model, with the boule of 500 selected by lot annually and the dikasteria of 6,000 jurors selected by lot daily through the kleroterion). Beyond that scale, the assembly form must be either delegated (Bookchin) or sampled (sortition). Delegation preserves face to face deliberation at lower levels; sampling preserves direct deliberation at higher levels through randomly selected demographically stratified mini publics. The two are complementary, not exclusive.

Castoriadis grounds the project philosophically. A society which recognises that it institutes itself and consciously acts on it lives in autonomy; a society that accepts its institutions as natural or god given lives in heteronomy. The project of autonomy is democracy in the deepest sense; the Athenian demokratia was its historical archetype. Poulantzas grounds it strategically. The state is not a thing nor a subject but a condensation of social relations, a terrain of struggle whose legitimacy depends on representing subaltern interests. This gives peripheral and border communities, like Aisymi and the Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Region, institutional grounds, not only moral grounds, to demand democratic power.

Pillar 9 acts on three connected horizons. At the European level, AURIO commits to a Greek national campaign for a Treaty Convention under Article 48 TEU on direct EP legislative initiative (Proposal 3), to an European Citizens' Initiative on codecision rights for citizens' panels (Proposal 4), and to a Spitzenkandidat reform proposal (Proposal 5). At the Greek national level, AURIO commits to a Municipal Recall Mechanism (Proposal 7) and to a constitutional amendment to Article 51 lowering the citizens' initiative threshold (Proposal 12). At the Alexandroupolis municipal level, AURIO commits to a Permanent Citizens' Assembly of fifty randomly selected residents (Proposal 2), an Alexandroupolis Civic Platform on the eTrikala SA template (Proposal 8), a Cross Border Thrace Citizens' Assembly (Proposal 9), an Annual Greek Conference on European Democracy (Proposal 10), and an Aisymi Communalist Confederation pilot (Proposal 11). The CAP polycentric co management programme (Proposal 6) operates within the existing EUR 13.4 billion Greek CAP envelope at zero net cost. The AURIO Democratic Charter (Proposal 1) binds AURIO itself first.

The pillar binds AURIO before it binds the Greek state or the European Union. The party that proposes mandated recallable delegation must apply that test to its own internal organisation; the party that proposes citizens' assemblies must subject its own positions to a Sortition Council; the party that proposes recall must accept recall of its own elected officials. AURIO commits to all three.

The European Parliament belongs to 449 million citizens. It is time it had the power to act like it.

References

Sources cited in this paper. Read more
  • Ostrom, E. "Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action" (Cambridge University Press, 1990)
  • Ostrom, E. "Understanding Institutional Diversity" (Princeton University Press, 2005)
  • Bookchin, M. "The Rise of Urbanization and the Decline of Citizenship" (Sierra Club Books, 1987; retitled "Urbanization Without Cities", Black Rose Books, 1992)
  • Bookchin, M. "From Urbanization to Cities: Toward a New Politics of Citizenship" (Cassell, 2007)
  • Bookchin, M. (edited by Bookchin, D. and Taylor, B.). "The Next Revolution: Popular Assemblies and the Promise of Direct Democracy" (Verso, 2015)
  • Sintomer, Y. "The Government of Chance: Sortition and Democracy from Athens to the Present" (Cambridge University Press, 2023)
  • Sintomer, Y. "Petite histoire de l'experimentation democratique" (La Decouverte, 2011; English translation "From Deliberative to Radical Democracy", 2018)
  • Castoriadis, C. "L'institution imaginaire de la societe" (Seuil, 1975; English translation "The Imaginary Institution of Society", Polity, 1987)
  • Poulantzas, N. "L'etat, le pouvoir, le socialisme" (PUF, 1978; English translation "State, Power, Socialism", NLB, 1978)
  • Hardin, G. "The Tragedy of the Commons" (Science, 1968)
  • Conference on the Future of Europe. "Report on the Final Outcome" (May 2022)
  • European Parliament Research Service. "Parliament's Right of Legislative Initiative" (2025)
  • European Parliament. "Article 48 TEU Report (Verhofstadt Riba Maillard)" (November 2023)
  • European Parliament. "Press Release on Re Election of von der Leyen" (18 July 2024, 401 votes)
  • The Good Lobby. "When Failure Succeeds and Success Fails: A Reality Check on the European Citizens' Initiative" (2024)
  • Transparency International. "Corruption Perceptions Index 2025"
  • Constitution of the Hellenic Republic, Articles 1, 44(2), 51, 52, 102, 110
  • TEU Articles 1, 10, 11, 14, 17, 17(7), 48; TFEU Articles 225, 295
  • Greek laws: 4023/2011 (referenda procedure and political parties); 3852/2010 (Kallikratis); 4555/2018 (Kleisthenis I); 4727/2020 (digital governance code); 4624/2019 (Data Protection Act); 4485/2017 (higher education); 4926/2022 (agricultural cooperatives)
  • Regulation (EU) 2019/788 (European Citizens' Initiative); Regulation (EU) 2021/2115 (CAP Strategic Plans); Regulation (EU) 2021/2116 (CAP financing); Regulation (EU) 2021/1058 (Cohesion Policy); Regulation (EU) 2021/692 (CERV); Regulation (EU) 2021/695 (HORIZON Europe); Regulation (EU) 2021/1057 (ESF+); Regulation (EU) 2021/241 (RRP)
  • Council of Europe Madrid Outline Convention 1980; Council of Europe European Charter of Local Self Government 1985 (Greek ratification 1989); Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (2000, binding 2009)
  • show-project.eu. "eTrikala SA"; Greek News Agenda. "Thinking of a Greek Smart City, Think of Trikala"; URENIO. "Trikala Smart City"
  • Participedia. "Irish Citizens' Assembly: The Eighth Amendment"; KNOCA. "French Citizens' Convention on the Climate"; OIDP. "Permanent Citizens' Dialogue in Ostbelgien"; ConstitutionNet. "Belgium's Experiment with Permanent Forms of Deliberative Democracy"; Resilience.org. "How the Poles Are Making Democracy Work Again in Gdansk"; Public Agenda. "Healthier Democracies: Gdansk Case Study"; Citizens.is. "Icelandic Constitution Crowdsourcing"; Althingi. "Act No. 90/2010 on a Constitutional Assembly"
  • AURIO. "Pillar 9. European Democracy: From Commission Monopoly and Vacant Citizenship to Polycentric Commons, Municipal Assemblies and Sortition" (April 2026). Full standalone document including 12 proposals with the nine field structure, eight international cases, nine funding envelopes, five year cash flow projection, risk analysis and appendices on the Greek and EU legal framework

This policy needs people.

Not promises. Not consultants. People who show up.